NXT Research · Record of edition 3

Thai financial proxy bank for SROI, edition 3 328 financial proxies in 11 categories, each with its source, the text holding the figure, the year it refers to and a grade for the source

Data as of
11 November 2026
Online
11 November 2026
Status at publication
Under review (spot check of 60 values from edition 2)
Prepared by
NXT Consulting Group
Licence
CC BY 4.0

This page is the record of edition 3 as published. It reads the data file frozen on 11 November 2026, so its figures never change. The latest values are on the live bank. Go to the current bank

Cite as: NXT Consulting Group. (2026). Thai financial proxy bank for SROI (Edition 3) [Data set]. https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies/edition-3

Files for this edition

About this edition

Adds new values in transport and housing, environment, education, and welfare and public administration, including the annual consumer price index back to 2004 for carrying values between years. Every value in edition 2 was re-checked against a fresh read of its source; errors found were corrected, grades were applied strictly, and each change of value, source or grade is listed in this edition's change log.

What changed in the method

  • All 278 values carried over from edition 2 were checked again against fresh downloads of their sources: a machine check confirmed that the quoted text and the figure are still in the document, and a researcher re-read the source wherever the machine could not confirm them. 250 were confirmed and 28 fixed: 11 errors, listed under corrections after publication, and 17 fixes to wording or source references that leave the value as it was. Each value's last check date is in its verified field. Quotes in which PDF text extraction had dropped or moved Thai tone marks and vowels were restored from the printed page.
  • A newer year of a value is added as a new row, and the older row points to it. A published value is changed only to correct an error. Every change of value, year, source or grade, and every withdrawal, is listed in the edition's change log, and every error found in an earlier edition, including a description that misstated what a value measures, is listed under corrections after publication. Wording fixes that change neither a value nor its meaning are not listed.
  • Grade A also covers official statistics as published in the statistical tables of the National Statistical Office and the Bank of Thailand, even when another agency owns the series; the note names the owner. Other copies of an official figure remain grade D.

Table 1. Values by category and source grade

CategoryABCDTotal
Health and wellbeing13230844
Education and skills3131237
Employment and income2300629
Industry, enterprise and the workplace1600016
Digital and e-government150410
Agriculture, food and rural livelihoods3230540
Environment, climate and energy2570234
Transport, travel and housing9130325
Community, safety and social capital1520724
Tourism, culture and sport1420420
Welfare and public service costs191301749
Total19871158328

What changed from edition 2

  • Added: 50
  • Corrected: 3
  • Regraded: 4
  • New source: 4
CodeChangeBeforeThis edition
ED-07New sourceNow read from the Department of Local Administration's FY2027 guideline (9 Oct 2026), which prints the cabinet's rate table, instead of a provincial public relations office news page. Same rate and year; grade D to A.https://phrae.prd.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/9/iid/275050https://www.dla.go.th/download/OfficialDocFile/20261012/5C392883-7FBA-2571-0AA4-85DE9D6EFB4B_%B9%CA.%CA%B6._%B7%D5%E8_%C1%B7_0816.2_%C7_5721_%C5%C7._9_%B5.%A4.69%281%29.pdf?notDownload=Y
ED-08New sourceNow read from the Department of Local Administration's FY2027 guideline (9 Oct 2026), which prints the cabinet's rate table, instead of a provincial public relations office news page. Same rate and year; grade D to A.https://phrae.prd.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/9/iid/275050https://www.dla.go.th/download/OfficialDocFile/20261012/5C392883-7FBA-2571-0AA4-85DE9D6EFB4B_%B9%CA.%CA%B6._%B7%D5%E8_%C1%B7_0816.2_%C7_5721_%C5%C7._9_%B5.%A4.69%281%29.pdf?notDownload=Y
ED-14New sourceNow read from the Student Loan Fund's own press release of 18 Sep 2025 instead of a news report. Same figures; grade D to A.https://thaipublica.org/2025/09/student-loan-fund-40-billion-budget-2026/https://www.studentloan.or.th/th/system/files/files/news/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%20%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8.%2018%20%E0%B8%81.%E0%B8%A2.68.pdf
EM-12RegradedGrade A to D: the value multiplies the new THB 17,500 wage ceiling on one Social Security Office page by the benefit rate on another page, which still computes the benefit on a THB 15,000 ceiling, so it assumes the new ceiling applies.grade Agrade D
EM-13RegradedGrade A to D: the value multiplies the new THB 17,500 wage ceiling on one Social Security Office page by the benefit rate on another page, which still computes the benefit on a THB 15,000 ceiling, so it assumes the new ceiling applies.grade Agrade D
AG-27RegradedGrade A to D: the cost is the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board's figure, read from the Office of Agricultural Economics' compendium rather than from the Board's own publication.grade Agrade D
AG-32RegradedGrade A to D: the cost is the broiler production and marketing working group's figure, read from the Office of Agricultural Economics' compendium, not a statistic the Office compiles itself.grade Agrade D
EN-09CorrectedYear corrected from 2025 to 2026: every row of TGO's open data files is labelled fiscal year 2026, and the cumulative totals run from fiscal year 2016 into 2026, not to 2025. The price range in the note is corrected to THB 15 to 3,000.20252026
EN-10CorrectedYear corrected from 2025 to 2026: every row of TGO's open data files is labelled fiscal year 2026, and the cumulative totals run from fiscal year 2016 into 2026, not to 2025.20252026
EN-11CorrectedYear corrected from 2025 to 2026: every row of TGO's open data files is labelled fiscal year 2026, and the cumulative totals run from fiscal year 2016 into 2026, not to 2025.20252026
WF-15New sourceNow computed from the World Bank's annual index levels for 2025 and 2023, instead of combining TPSO's reported 0.14% fall with an index from another document. Same value; grade D to B.https://uploads.tpso.go.th/editor/pdf/1767764864_b1ae18e9de589718c499.pdfhttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/THA/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL?format=json&date=2003:2025&per_page=100

50 values added

ED-30, ED-31, ED-32, ED-33, ED-34, ED-35, ED-36, ED-37, EN-27, EN-28, EN-29, EN-30, EN-31, EN-32, EN-33, EN-34, EN-35, EN-36, TR-15, TR-16, TR-17, TR-18, TR-19, TR-20, TR-21, TR-22, TR-23, TR-24, TR-25, WF-35, WF-36, WF-37, WF-38, WF-39, WF-40, WF-41, WF-42, WF-43, WF-44, WF-45, WF-46, WF-47, WF-48, WF-49, WF-50, WF-51, WF-52, WF-53, WF-54, WF-55

Table 2. The values in this edition

Health and wellbeing (44)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
HL-01AUC capitation rate FY2027 (B.E. 2570)Public cost of covering one UC beneficiary for a year
ข้อ ๙ อัตราเหมาจ่ายรายหัว ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. ๒๕๗๐ จำนวน ๔,๖๖๙.๔๔๐๐ บาทต่อผู้มีสิทธิ จำนวน ๔๗.๑๗๐๐ ล้านคน

Source [1], p. 7 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Budget allocated per Universal Coverage beneficiary, not the actual cost of care, and it excludes items funded outside the capitation. Use it as an average public cost per head, not to value individual cases of illness. In force from 1 Oct 2026.

4,669.44THB per beneficiary per year2027
HL-02AUC general OPD capitation component FY2027Reduced outpatient service use (UC)
๑. บริการผู้ป่วยนอกทั่วไป ๑,๕๔๒.๒๖๐๐

Source [1], p. 7 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Per beneficiary, whether or not they use services, so not a cost per visit. To get a cost per visit, divide by a utilisation rate from another source and label the result as derived.

1,542.26THB per beneficiary per year2027
HL-03AUC general IPD capitation component FY2027Reduced inpatient service use (UC), per-capita component
๒. บริการผู้ป่วยในทั่วไป ๒,๒๒๕.๙๙๐๐

Source [1], p. 7 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A per-head budget, not the cost of one admission. For a cost per admission, use HL-04 multiplied by the AdjRW of the diagnosis group.

2,225.99THB per beneficiary per year2027
HL-04AUC inpatient payment rate per AdjRW FY2027Avoided hospital admission (per adjusted relative weight)
ข้อ ๒๐ หลักเกณฑ์การจ่ายค่าใช้จ่ายเพื่อบริการผู้ป่วยในทั่วไปจากการบริหารเป็นวงเงินแบบมีเพดาน ระดับเขตพื้นที่ (Global budget ระดับเขตพื้นที่) ตามข้อ ๑๘.๒ ให้จ่ายไม่เกิน ๑๐,๐๐๐ บาทต่อ AdjRW ด้วยระบบ การวินิจฉัยโรคร่วม (Diagnostic Related Groups : DRGs) ฉบับที่ ๖

Source [1], p. 11 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A ceiling of 'up to THB 10,000 per AdjRW' that NHSO pays providers within a region (care outside the region is paid at THB 10,000 under clause 20.1), not the hospital's true cost. Cost per admission = 10,000 × the AdjRW of the DRG.

10,000THB per AdjRW2027
HL-05DUC capitation rate FY2026 (B.E. 2569)Public cost of one UC beneficiary for a year (FY2026)
คิดเป็นอัตราเหมาจ่ายรายหัว 4,175.99 บาทต่อผู้มีสิทธิ

Source [2] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use only when the project refers to FY2026. This is the cabinet-approved figure as reported in the news. For the current year use HL-01.

4,175.99THB per beneficiary per year2026
HL-06DNHSO LTC package rate per dependent person per yearLong-term care for a dependent (older) person in the community
เป็นจำนวน 10,442 บาทต่อคนต่อปี จากเดิมอยู่ที่จำนวน 6,000 บาท

Source [3] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note FY2024 rate for care-plan services through local long-term care funds. Excludes the time of family carers. Use it as a floor for valuing community care of dependent people.

10,442THB per person per year2024
HL-07DCSMBS actual spending FY2025 / beneficiariesAverage CSMBS medical spending per beneficiary
ปี 2568 ได้รับงบประมาณ 93,800 ล้านบาท และเบิกจ่ายจริง 106,740.40 ล้านบาท … ขณะที่ข้อมูลกรมบัญชีกลาง ณ เม.ย. 69 ระบุว่า ผู้มีสิทธิสวัสดิการรักษาพยาบาลข้าราชการมีจำนวน 4,890,627 คน

Source [4] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 106,740.40 million ÷ 4,890,627 members

Note Members of the civil servant scheme are older than the general population, so this is far above the UC figure. Use it as an upper bound or for comparison. Spending is FY2025 while the member count is April 2026, and the article's split into members and dependants adds to 4,885,493, so the result is approximate.

21,826THB per person per year2025
HL-08DEconomic loss per road traffic fatality (2007 Department of Highways cost base)Road traffic death avoided
ปี 2564 การเสียชีวิต 90,135 ล้านบาท … ที่มา 1. มูลค่าความสูญเสียจำแนกตามระดับความรุนแรง (ที่มา : สำนักอำนวยความปลอดภัย กรมทางหลวง กระทรวงคมนาคม ปี 2550) [หน้า 17: ปี 2564 ผู้เสียชีวิต 16,957]

Source [5], p. 25 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 90,135 million ÷ 16,957 deaths (2021)

Note The per-case value is the Department of Highways' 2007 loss cost, which the Department of Disease Control multiplies by the 2021 death count. It is therefore in 2007 prices, not adjusted for inflation, and must be rebased from 2007. It is not a value of statistical life. Compare with CM-12 and test sensitivity.

5,315,504THB per case2007
HL-09DEconomic loss per serious (IPD) road injurySerious (inpatient) road traffic injury avoided
ปี 2564 … การบาดเจ็บรุนแรง (IPD) 29,071 ล้านบาท … (ที่มา : สำนักอำนวยความปลอดภัย กรมทางหลวง กระทรวงคมนาคม ปี 2550) [หน้า 18: ปี 2564 ผู้บาดเจ็บรุนแรง (IPD) จำนวน 197,733 คน]

Source [5], p. 25 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 29,071 million ÷ 197,733 inpatients (2021)

Note The Department of Highways' 2007 cost per case, as in HL-08, so it is in 2007 prices and must be rebased from 2007. The five-year figures in the same document (THB 158,669 million ÷ 1,167,833 cases) give about THB 135,900, so report a range and test sensitivity.

147,021THB per case2007
HL-10BCost-effectiveness threshold the National List of Essential Medicines subcommittee uses to select medicines and vaccines (approved in 2013)Convert QALYs gained into baht
ผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสียในประเทศไทยยังไม่มีข้อสรุปที่เป็นฉันทามติว่า ควรปรับเพดานความคุ้มค่าในปัจจุบันที่ 160,000 บาทต่อปีสุขภาวะหรือไม่

Source [6], p. 1 · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A decision threshold for judging whether a medicine or vaccine is cost-effective, not a market price or a directly measured willingness to pay, so use it to put a baht value on QALYs only with a sensitivity test. The subcommittee approved it in 2013 and it was still in use in 2025, never adjusted for inflation. The source is a HITAP policy brief from its study of the threshold, not the subcommittee's own notice.

160,000THB per QALY2025
HL-11BValue of a statistical life from personal car drivers' willingness to pay for lower crash riskOne car crash death avoided
VSL was calculated to 26,405,425 baht (US $844,163), with a 95% confidence interval of between 25,505,238 and 27,305,612 baht (US $815,385 to US $872,942).

Source [7] · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Computed from the willingness to pay of 1,650 private car drivers in eight provinces, with 2020 car travel and crash death figures. It is far above TDRI's THB 10 million (CM-12), so test sensitivity with both, and it fits car users better than motorcyclists.

26,405,425THB per case2020
HL-12BValue of a statistical injury from personal car drivers' willingness to payOne car crash injury avoided
VSI was calculated to 4,859,520 baht (US $155,355), with a 95% confidence interval of between 4,693,854 and 5,025,185 baht (US $150,059 to US $160,652).

Source [7] · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Same source as HL-c02. The paper counts all injuries without splitting them by severity, so it may overstate minor injuries. Compare with TDRI's serious-injury value (CM-13) and test sensitivity.

4,859,520THB per case2020
HL-13BTotal household cost per hospitalised paediatric dengue fever (DF) case (medical, non-medical and lost income)A child avoids a hospital stay for dengue fever
The total cost of a hospitalized dengue case was higher for adult patients than pediatric patients, and was US$153.6 and US$166.3 for pediatric DF and DHF patients, respectively, and US$171.2 and US$226.1 for adult DF and DHF patients, respectively. … expressed in 2015 US$ based on 34.2 THB to 1US$ currency exchange rate

Source [8] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula US$153.6 × THB 34.2 per US$ (the paper's own rate)

Note Survey of inpatients at three public hospitals in Chachoengsao, 2015: the household's burden net of reimbursements, without hospital costs; 74% of patients received free care. Converting the rounded dollar figure back to baht leaves about THB 2 of rounding, and paediatric DHF cases cost slightly more (US$166.3).

≈ 5,253THB per case2015
HL-14BTotal household cost per hospitalised adult dengue fever (DF) case (medical, non-medical and lost income)An adult avoids a hospital stay for dengue fever
The total cost of a hospitalized dengue case was higher for adult patients than pediatric patients, and was US$153.6 and US$166.3 for pediatric DF and DHF patients, respectively, and US$171.2 and US$226.1 for adult DF and DHF patients, respectively. … expressed in 2015 US$ based on 34.2 THB to 1US$ currency exchange rate

Source [8] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula US$171.2 × THB 34.2 per US$ (the paper's own rate)

Note Survey of inpatients at three public hospitals in Chachoengsao, 2015: the household's burden net of reimbursements, without hospital costs; lost work is valued at no less than the THB 300 daily minimum wage. Adult DHF cases cost more (US$226.1).

≈ 5,855THB per case2015
HL-15BAverage first-year outpatient charges per type 2 diabetes patient at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital (2019 prices)One person avoids or delays type 2 diabetes (first-year outpatient care)
The average total outpatient cost was THB 22,874 ± 38,066 (US$ 759 ± 1,264) for the first year and THB 23,462 ± 34,441 (US$ 779 ± 1,143) for the second year.

Source [9] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note One tertiary university hospital, records 2009 to 2019, and these are charges rather than costs, so likely above the cost of care in community hospitals. The spread is very wide (median THB 10,210). For cost per visit by hospital level see HL-c07.

22,874THB per person per year2019
HL-16BAverage provider cost per outpatient visit for type 2 diabetes without complications (E11.9), 13 hospitals, FY2018One diabetes outpatient visit avoided
Average cost of outpatient treatment for diabetes mellitus was 1,676 baht per visit: 1,951 baht per visit for regional hospital, 1,114 baht for big community hospital, and 929 baht for small community hospital.

Source [10], p. 2 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Micro-costed from the provider's side in 13 hospitals that volunteered (4 regional, 1 general, 7 community, 1 specialty). It ranges from THB 929 in small community hospitals to THB 1,951 in regional and general hospitals, so pick the level that matches the project area.

1,676THB per visit2018
HL-17BAverage provider cost per outpatient visit for essential hypertension (I10), 13 hospitals, FY2018One hypertension outpatient visit avoided
I10 Essential (primary) hypertension 195,701 1,420 832 711 1,218

Source [10], p. 14 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note From Table 7, all hospital levels combined; a provider cost, not a charge. THB 1,420 in regional and general hospitals, 832 in large and 711 in small community hospitals. The pooled mean sits close to the regional and general hospital value, so pick the value for the hospital level in the project area.

1,218THB per visit2018
HL-18BAverage annual antihypertensive medicine cost per treated patient, usual care in Lampang primary careOne fewer person needs a year of blood pressure medicines
For the usual care scenario, the HEARTS single-pill scenario, and the HEARTS combination-pill sub-scenario, the average annual medication cost per treated patient was USD 14.0 (THB 485), USD 13.8 (THB 479), and USD 14.3 (THB 497), respectively.

Source [11] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Medicines only, without staff time, laboratory tests or follow-up. Based on 12 months of prescriptions for patients sampled in FY2021 (Oct 2020 to Sep 2021) in Lampang primary care, from the health system's side.

485THB per person per year2021
HL-19BMean annual hospital treatment cost per stroke patient, UCS claims 2017 to 2020One first-ever stroke prevented
Mean annual cost per patient was 37 179 Thai Baht (95% CI: 36 988 to 37 370).

Source [12] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note From 386,484 incident cases in NHSO claims, priced with Thai CaseMix Centre unit costs. Hospital care only, without long-term care or lost income, and the paper gives no price year. Haemorrhagic stroke averaged THB 48,599 and ischaemic THB 34,125.

37,179THB per person per year2020
HL-20BEconomic cost of alcohol consumption per head of population, 2021Less harm from alcohol in the population
Alcohol consumption incurred a total estimated economic cost of 165,450.5 million baht, equivalent to 1.02% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 2500 baht per capita.

Source [13] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note An average per head of the whole population, not per drinker. 95% of it is premature death valued by the human capital method. Use it for population-wide work and do not add it to death values from other rows (such as HL-c12).

2,500THB per person per year2021
HL-21BProductivity lost per alcohol-attributable premature death (human capital method, 3% discount rate), 2021One alcohol-attributable premature death avoided
the cost of premature mortality was found to be the major cost component, representing 95.45% of the total cost with estimates of 157,918.7 million baht (134,424.7 million baht in males and 23,493.9 million baht in females). In 2021, premature death attributable to alcohol consumption’s number was estimated at 22,804

Source [13] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 157,918.7 million ÷ 22,804 deaths

Note Future earnings lost, valued at 2021 GNI per head (THB 232,176) up to life expectancy and discounted at 3%, so lower than willingness-to-pay values of a statistical life (HL-c02, CM-12); treat it as a floor. It averages all causes, ages and both sexes, and must not be added to HL-c11, which already includes it.

≈ 6,925,044THB per case2021
HL-22BAverage outpatient cost per visit, 15 community hospitals in Songkhla, FY2021One community hospital outpatient visit avoided
ต้นทุนเฉลี่ยผู้ป่วยนอกต่อครั้งคิดเป็น 732.64, 812.92 และ 573.90 บาท ต้นทุนผู้ป่วยในต่อราย คิดเป็น 10,028.45, 12,133.41 และ 22,683.55 บาท

Source [14] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Provider cost averaged over all conditions; FY2019 to FY2021 values ran from THB 573.90 to 812.92. FY2021 was a COVID-19 year and this is one province, so test sensitivity with the other years.

573.90THB per visit2021
HL-23BAverage inpatient cost per admission, 15 community hospitals in Songkhla, FY2021One community hospital admission avoided
ต้นทุนเฉลี่ยผู้ป่วยนอกต่อครั้งคิดเป็น 732.64, 812.92 และ 573.90 บาท ต้นทุนผู้ป่วยในต่อราย คิดเป็น 10,028.45, 12,133.41 และ 22,683.55 บาท

Source [14] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Provider cost averaged over all conditions; it was THB 10,028.45 in FY2019 and 12,133.41 in FY2020, so the FY2021 figure, from a COVID-19 year, is more than twice the FY2019 one. Test sensitivity, and use HL-c17 or HL-c18 when the condition is known.

22,683.55THB per case2021
HL-24BAverage cost per person per visit, 248 sub-district health promoting hospitals in Khon Kaen, FY2019One visit to a sub-district health promoting hospital
เฉลี่ยค่าใช้จ่ายต่อคนต่อครั้ง เท่ากับ 145.67 บาท หรือมีค่าเฉลี่ยการเข้าใช้บริการ 4.12 ครั้งต่อปี

Source [15] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Provider cost (labour, materials, capital) averaged over all services, including treatment, health promotion and prevention, with no adjustment for case severity. One province only.

145.67THB per visit2019
HL-25BAverage provider cost per outpatient visit for the common cold (J00), 13 hospitals, FY2018One outpatient visit for a common cold avoided
J00 Acute nasopharyngitis [common cold] 57,892 647 511 418 577

Source [10], p. 14 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note From Table 7, for projects that cut minor illness such as handwashing or clean air work. THB 647 in regional and general hospitals, 511 in large and 418 in small community hospitals.

577THB per visit2018
HL-26BAverage provider cost per admission, DRG 06570, 13 hospitals, FY2018One hospital admission for infectious gastroenteritis avoided (age over 9)
06570 Infectious gastroenteritis age 6,101 3.85 0.57 9,601 7,772 8,176 9,172 > 9 wo sig CCC

Source [10], p. 15 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note From Table 8, for water, sanitation or food safety projects. Average stay 3.85 days; THB 9,601 in regional and general hospitals, 7,772 in large and 8,176 in small community hospitals.

9,172THB per case2018
HL-27BAverage provider cost per admission, DRG 04520, 13 hospitals, FY2018One hospital admission for respiratory infection or inflammation avoided
04520 Respiratory infection / 6,843 3.07 0.44 15,084 23,403 14,949 15,329 inflammation wo sig CCC

Source [10], p. 15 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note From Table 8, for air pollution or immunisation projects. Average stay 3.07 days. Hospital groups differ widely (THB 14,949 to 23,403), so test sensitivity.

15,329THB per case2018
HL-28BAverage annual direct medical cost per antidepressant-treated major depression patient, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 2022 (before insurance)One case of major depression prevented (a year of medical costs avoided)
the average annual direct medical cost was 18,509.03 Baht ($514.14), while the average annual cost of MDD per person was 193,591.33 Baht ($5,377.54)

Source [16] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Billed charges before insurance, not costs, for 500 patients at one tertiary hospital in Bangkok, so it may exceed the cost of care in ordinary hospitals. Do not add it to HL-c20, which already includes it.

18,509.03THB per person per year2022
HL-29BTotal annual economic cost per major depression patient (medical, non-medical, lost productivity and carer time), 2022One case of major depression prevented (a year of total economic cost avoided)
the average annual direct medical cost was 18,509.03 Baht ($514.14), while the average annual cost of MDD per person was 193,591.33 Baht ($5,377.54)

Source [16] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Mostly indirect costs: lost productivity at work or study, and carer time valued at the 2022 Bangkok minimum wage; job loss is left out. Its medical part is billed charges at one hospital. Do not add HL-c19, which it already includes.

193,591.33THB per person per year2022
HL-30BAverage direct cost per schizophrenia admission, Khon Kaen Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital, 2010 to 2012One psychiatric admission for schizophrenia avoided
The average direct cost of schizophrenia inpatient care was estimated at 20,157.10 Baht per admission over a 3-year period.

Source [17] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Average of 2010 to 2012 admissions; the abstract gives no price year, so the year is set to 2011 and the value should be rebased before use. It is built from the hospital's bed, service and physician fee records, so it is likely closer to charges than to the true cost. Admissions after a suicide attempt averaged THB 31,888.48.

20,157.10THB per case2011
HL-31BOutpatient cost per visit, Department of Mental Health psychiatric hospitals, 2004One psychiatric outpatient visit
Cost of inpatient was 20,438 baht per case or 656 baht per day and cost of outpatient was 599 baht per case.

Source [18] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A very old base year (2004), so rebase with a price index before use. It is the provider cost averaged over all conditions in Department of Mental Health psychiatric hospitals, and may not match psychiatric care in general or community hospitals.

599THB per visit2004
HL-32ABasic health promotion and disease prevention (PP) budget per Thai citizen, FY2027People receive health promotion and disease prevention services such as vaccination, screening and antenatal care (public budget per person)
ข้อ ๘๒ หลักเกณฑ์การจ่ายค่าใช้จ่ายบริการสร้างเสริมสุขภาพและป้องกันโรคสำหรับบริการพื้นฐาน จำนวน ๔๐๓.๙๕๐๐ บาทต่อคน

Source [1], p. 35 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A per-head budget that NHSO allocates to providers for basic preventive services for Thai citizens of every scheme, not the cost of providing them and not the price of any single service. It covers THB 102.99 paid by fee schedule and up to THB 300.96 paid by registered population and output, but leaves out the national budget of THB 40.33 (for example vaccines) and the regional budget of up to THB 4 per person. Applies to FY2027 (1 Oct 2026 to 30 Sep 2027).

403.95THB per person per year2027
HL-33AAverage household spending on medicines and medical care per month, SES 2025Household spends less of its own money on medicines and medical care
เวชภัณฑ์/ค่ารักษาพยาบาล 276 บาท

Source [19], p. 24 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Averaged over all households, including those with no one ill, so far below the spending of households with a sick member. It is only what households pay themselves, not the full cost of care, most of which the state and insurance funds pay. Multiply by 12 for a year (THB 3,312).

276THB per household per month2025
HL-34ASSO lump-sum maternity payment per deliveryA woman gives birth safely in a health facility
จ่ายค่าบริการทางการแพทย์เหมาจ่ายกรณีคลอดบุตรให้แก่ผู้ประกันตนในอัตรา 15,000 บาทต่อการคลอดบุตรหนึ่งครั้ง

Source [20] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The flat amount the SSO fund pays per delivery, not the actual cost, which varies with the type of delivery and the facility. Excludes the maternity leave allowance of 50% of wages for 90 days. The SSO medical committee still used THB 15,000 at its meeting 5/2026 (20 April 2026) and asked for a study of raising it, so check the current rate before use.

15,000THB per delivery2026
HL-35ASSO ceiling for antenatal care, five visits per pregnancyA pregnant woman receives full antenatal care
ค่าตรวจและรับฝากครรภ์ เท่าที่จ่ายจริง จำนวน 5 ครั้ง ไม่เกิน 1,500 บาท ตามหลักเกณฑ์และอัตราที่คณะกรรมการการแพทย์กำหนด (มีผลตั้งแต่ 1 ม.ค. 64)

Source [20] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The SSO ceiling on actual charges over five visits (up to THB 500 for the visit by 12 weeks of pregnancy, THB 200 to 300 for each later one), not the full cost of the service. In force since 1 January 2021 and still shown on the SSO benefits page updated 30 July 2024.

1,500THB per pregnancy2024
HL-36ASSO annual ceiling for basic dental care at private clinics and hospitalsInsured worker receives basic dental care (fillings, scaling, extractions)
ทันตกรรมพื้นฐานเข้ารับบริการที่สถานพยาบาลเอกชน 1.อุดฟัน ขูดหินน้ำลายทั้งปาก ถอนฟัน ไม่เกิน 900 บาท/ปี

Source [21] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note An annual claim ceiling at private facilities, not the market price of treatment. At public facilities SSO pays per item, for example up to THB 700 for full-mouth scaling and THB 350 per simple extraction. People who use less than the ceiling cost less than this.

900THB per person per year2026
HL-37ASSO ceiling for a full removable denture set (upper and lower)A person who has lost all teeth gets full dentures and can chew again
2. ฟันเทียมทั้งปากชนิดถอดได้ - ฟันเทียมทั้งปากบน หรือ ล่าง ไม่เกิน 3,000 บาท/ชิ้น - ฟันเทียมทั้งปากบน และ ล่าง ไม่เกิน 6,000 บาท ** การเบิกกรณีใส่ฟันเทียม สามารถเบิกได้ภายในระยะเวลา 5 ปี นับแต่วันที่ใส่ฟันเทียม

Source [21] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The most the SSO fund pays insured persons at public or private facilities, not the cost of making the dentures. Usable as a value for denture programmes. A single full upper or lower denture is capped at THB 3,000, and the claim covers five years from fitting.

6,000THB per set (upper and lower)2026
HL-38ASSO payment for a digital behind-the-ear hearing aid with fitting (device code 2507), per earA person with hearing loss gets a hearing aid and can communicate and work
รหัส 2507 เครื่องช่วยฟังแบบทัดหลังใบหูระบบดิจิตอล และการปรับแต่งเสียง ของเครื่องช่วยฟังด้วยทริมเมอร์ หรือคอมพิวเตอร์ระบบการทางาน (ข้างซ้าย) เป็นจานวนเงิน 12,000 บาท

Source [22], p. 8 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The amount the medical committee approved under device code 2507 on one insured person's claim, not a published rate schedule; the same amount (THB 12,000 per ear) appears in resolutions 7/2024, 11/2024 and 2/2025. Applies per ear and excludes hearing tests.

12,000THB per device (one ear)2025
HL-39ARate SSO pays NHSO per insured person with disabilities who chose Universal Coverage services, FY2025An insured person with disabilities receives health care under the Universal Coverage scheme (cost per person per year)
กฎหมายว่าด้วยหลักประกันสุขภาพแห่งชาติ ประจาปี งบประมาณ 2568 ในอัตรา ค่าใช้จ่ายฯ 8,847.53 บาทต่อคนต่อปี

Source [23], p. 1 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The base rate SSO uses to calculate what it transfers to NHSO for insured persons with disabilities who chose Universal Coverage services. A per-head budget for this group, not the cost of care for any one person. The FY2024 rate was THB 7,811.84 (resolution 2/2024 of 13 February 2024).

8,847.53THB per person per year2025
HL-40ASSO Section 40 income-replacement benefit per day of certified sick leave of 3 days or more without admissionInformal worker on doctor-ordered sick leave at home has lost income partly replaced
(2) ไม่นอนพักรักษาตัวในโรงพยาบาล แต่มีใบรับรองแพทย์ให้หยุดพักรักษาตัวตั้งแต่ 3 วันขึ้นไป วันละ 200 บาท

Source [24] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Requires a medical certificate for at least 3 days of rest. Days count towards the same annual cap as hospital days (30 days for options 1 and 2, 90 days for option 3). A minimum benefit, not the income actually lost.

200THB per person per day2024
HL-41DSSO basic capitation paid to contracted hospitals per insured person per yearInsured worker receives medical care under the social security scheme (basic capitation per person)
ค่าบริการทางการแพทย์เหมาจ่ายพื้นฐานตามจำนวนผู้ประกันตนที่สำนักงานกำหนดไว้ให้แก่สถานพยาบาลในอัตรา 1,808 บาท/ผู้ประกันตน 1 คนภายในระยะเวลา 1 ปี

Source [25] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Read from an SSO press release published by Thai Post on 12 September 2024, not from an SSO notice, hence grade D. The release says the rate was last raised in April 2023, so it may have changed since. Excludes the chronic-disease add-on (THB 453 per insured person), high-cost inpatient care and payments outside the capitation, so it is below the actual spending per insured person.

1,808THB per insured person per year2024
HL-42DAll SSO medical payments in the previous year (over THB 80 billion), averaged per headAn insured worker receives a year of medical care under the social security scheme (average fund spending per head)
ปีที่ผ่านมาสำนักงานประกันสังคมจ่ายค่าบริการทางการแพทย์ต่อปีกว่า 80,000 ล้านบาท หรือเฉลี่ยค่าบริการทางการแพทย์ 6,200 บาทต่อหัว

Source [25] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A rounded figure from the medical committee chair's statement in an SSO press release published by Thai Post on 12 September 2024, not the fund's financial statements, hence grade D. The release says only "the past year", so 2023 is entered. Covers both capitation (THB 3,007 on average) and payments outside it (THB 3,240). An average that hides a wide range between heavy users and people who used no care.

6,200THB per insured person per year2023
HL-43BHousehold out-of-pocket spending as a share of current health expenditure, 2023Split avoided treatment costs between households and the state and insurance funds
Total expenditure on health including health-related functions (2023) | Unit : millions Baht | Total recurent expenditure on health | Household: 77,350.2 | Total: 782,448.22

Source [26] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 77,350.2 million ÷ THB 782,448.22 million × 100

Note Households pay about a tenth of current health spending; the state, insurance funds, private insurers, employers and non-profits pay the rest. A national average for 2023; the real share varies widely by scheme and type of care, for example medicines bought at pharmacies, and the denominator also includes prevention and system administration.

9.89% of current health expenditure2023
HL-44DMonthly fee for a paying single dormitory room at the Ban Bang Khae welfare centre for older personsOlder person has a safe place to live in a residential home for older people
เสียค่าบริการคนละ 1,500 บาทต่อเดือน และห้องคู่เดือนละ 2,000 บาท

Source [27] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The fee of a single state-run centre, which is subsidised, so it may be below the real cost. The document does not say whether meals, nursing or personal care are included, so do not use it for the cost of care for dependent people or private nursing homes. Use it only as a floor for housing an older person and test sensitivity. A double room is THB 2,000 a month.

1,500THB per person per month2026
Education and skills (37)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
ED-01AOBEC per-student teaching subsidy, pre-primary (kindergarten), general schools, FY2027One year of pre-primary (kindergarten) schooling
ระดับ อัตราการสนับสนุน (บาท/คน) ภาคเรียนที่ ภาคเรียนที่ รวม 2/2569 1/2570 2 ภาคเรียน 1.1) สำหรับสถานศึกษาทั่วไป - ก่อนประถมศึกษา 1,020 1,020 2,040 - ประถมศึกษา 1,140 1,140 2,280 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 2,100 2,100 4,200 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย 2,280 2,280 4,560

Source [28], p. 10 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.

2,040THB per person per year2027
ED-02AOBEC per-student teaching subsidy, primary, general schools, FY2027One year of primary schooling
ระดับ อัตราการสนับสนุน (บาท/คน) ภาคเรียนที่ ภาคเรียนที่ รวม 2/2569 1/2570 2 ภาคเรียน 1.1) สำหรับสถานศึกษาทั่วไป - ก่อนประถมศึกษา 1,020 1,020 2,040 - ประถมศึกษา 1,140 1,140 2,280 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 2,100 2,100 4,200 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย 2,280 2,280 4,560

Source [28], p. 10 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.

2,280THB per person per year2027
ED-03AOBEC per-student teaching subsidy, lower secondary, general schools, FY2027One year of lower secondary schooling
ระดับ อัตราการสนับสนุน (บาท/คน) ภาคเรียนที่ ภาคเรียนที่ รวม 2/2569 1/2570 2 ภาคเรียน 1.1) สำหรับสถานศึกษาทั่วไป - ก่อนประถมศึกษา 1,020 1,020 2,040 - ประถมศึกษา 1,140 1,140 2,280 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 2,100 2,100 4,200 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย 2,280 2,280 4,560

Source [28], p. 10 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.

4,200THB per person per year2027
ED-04AOBEC per-student teaching subsidy, upper secondary, general schools, FY2027One year of upper secondary schooling
ระดับ อัตราการสนับสนุน (บาท/คน) ภาคเรียนที่ ภาคเรียนที่ รวม 2/2569 1/2570 2 ภาคเรียน 1.1) สำหรับสถานศึกษาทั่วไป - ก่อนประถมศึกษา 1,020 1,020 2,040 - ประถมศึกษา 1,140 1,140 2,280 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 2,100 2,100 4,200 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย 2,280 2,280 4,560

Source [28], p. 10 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.

4,560THB per person per year2027
ED-05AOBEC per-student teaching subsidy for enterprise-run vocational certificate (years 1 to 3), FY2027One year of vocational certificate (Por Wor Chor) study run by an enterprise
1.2) สำหรับการจัดการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐานโดยครอบครัวและสถานประกอบการ - ก่อนประถมศึกษา 4,315 4,315 8,630 - ประถมศึกษา 4,417 4,417 8,834 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 6,165 6,166 12,331 - มัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย 6,363 6,364 12,727 - ระดับ ปวช. 1-3 7,041 7,042 14,083

Source [28], p. 10 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Teaching subsidy for basic education run by families and enterprises at vocational certificate level, which applies only to enterprise-run study; textbooks, materials, uniform and activities are extra (THB 18,813 a year for all five items in the same guideline). Vocational certificate classes in OBEC general schools have their own rates by field (ED-24). Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027.

14,083THB per person per year2027
ED-06AEEF conditional cash transfer per extremely poor primary or lower secondary student, AY2026An extremely poor student kept in school for one academic year
ในปีการศึกษา 2569 เพิ่มเป็น 4,200 บาท/คน/ปีการศึกษา หรือ 2,100 บาท/คน/เทอม

Source [29] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The equity grant covers the hidden costs of attending school, such as travel, food and supplies, not the value of education itself. The 2026 rate table on the same page (an image) gives THB 4,200 for primary and lower secondary pupils in OBEC, local government, private, Bangkok and Buddhist schools, THB 4,000 for kindergarten, and THB 5,200 (primary) and 7,200 (lower secondary) in Border Patrol Police schools.

4,200THB per student per academic year2026
ED-07AGovernment school lunch subsidy rate set by the cabinet on 8 Nov 2022 and still in force in FY2027 (child development centres, kindergarten to P6, and M1 to M3 in extended-opportunity schools), schools with 121 or more pupilsA school child receives one nutritious lunch
(2) อัตราการจัดสรรเป็นไปตามขนาดของสถานศึกษา (ตามมติคณะรัฐมนตรีเมื่อวันที่ 8 พฤศจิกายน 2565) ดังนี้ จำนวนนักเรียน อัตราค่าอาหารกลางวัน (บาท/คน/วัน) 1 - 40 คน 36 41 - 100 คน 27 101 - 120 คน 24 121 คนขึ้นไป 22

Source [30], p. 3 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Stepped rates under the cabinet resolution of 8 Nov 2022, still applied in DLA's guideline for fiscal year 2027 (semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of 2027): 1–40 pupils THB 36, 41–100 THB 27, 101–120 THB 24, 121 or more THB 22. Use the rate for the project's school size. The guideline funds 200 days a year for schools and 245 for child development centres, and says the rate is an allocation, not a reference price for buying lunch, which local governments may top up from their own revenue.

22THB per pupil per day2022
ED-08AGovernment school lunch subsidy rate set by the cabinet on 8 Nov 2022 and still in force in FY2027 (child development centres, kindergarten to P6, and M1 to M3 in extended-opportunity schools), schools with 1–40 pupilsA school child receives one nutritious lunch
(2) อัตราการจัดสรรเป็นไปตามขนาดของสถานศึกษา (ตามมติคณะรัฐมนตรีเมื่อวันที่ 8 พฤศจิกายน 2565) ดังนี้ จำนวนนักเรียน อัตราค่าอาหารกลางวัน (บาท/คน/วัน) 1 - 40 คน 36 41 - 100 คน 27 101 - 120 คน 24 121 คนขึ้นไป 22

Source [30], p. 3 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Stepped rates under the cabinet resolution of 8 Nov 2022, still applied in DLA's guideline for fiscal year 2027 (semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of 2027): 1–40 pupils THB 36, 41–100 THB 27, 101–120 THB 24, 121 or more THB 22. Use the rate for the project's school size. The guideline funds 200 days a year for schools and 245 for child development centres, and says the rate is an allocation, not a reference price for buying lunch, which local governments may top up from their own revenue.

36THB per pupil per day2022
ED-09BPrivate return to one extra year of schooling, ~5% wage premium (OLS and IV)Higher earnings from one additional year of schooling
The private return on education, the effect of year of schooling is similar for the two methods, approximately 5 percent.

Source [31], p. 20 · Method: Revealed preference · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A percentage, not a baht value. Use: the group's baseline wage × 0.05 × extra years of schooling. Estimated on pooled Labour Force Survey data for Q3 of 2001–2024; Table 5 gives 0.0513 (OLS) and 0.0487 (IV). A discussion paper, not a journal article.

≈ 5% of wages per extra year of schooling2024
ED-10AAverage household education expenditure per household per month, SES 2025Household saves on education spending
ค่าใช้จ่ายการศึกษา 285 บาท

Source [19], p. 24 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Averaged over all households, including those with no student, so far below the cost per student. Do not use it as a cost per student. From Figure 3.5 in section 3.3.5. Multiply by 12 for a year.

285THB per household per month2025
ED-11BEducation spending per child per year, poorest 10% of Bangkok householdsPoor Bangkok household relieved of a child's education costs
ค่าใช้จ่ายด้านการศึกษาของเด็กที่มาจากครัวเรือนยากจน 10% ล่างสุดของกรุงเทพฯ จะอยู่ที่ 6,600 บาทต่อคนต่อปี

Source [32] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Bangkok's poorest 10% only, with 2021 data from the COVID period. The same article gives THB 78,200 per child for the richest 10%, so the range is very wide.

6,600THB per person per year2021
ED-12DPSU Pattani undergraduate fee per semester, humanities & social sciences, AY2025One semester of undergraduate study at a public university
คณะมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ 16,000 บาท

Source [33], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A single provider's price (one university's provincial campus), so grade D. Use it as an example price for a public-university social science degree. An academic year has two regular semesters. Not the full public cost per student.

16,000THB per student per semester2025
ED-13DPSU Pattani undergraduate fee per semester, science & technology, AY2025One semester of undergraduate study at a public university
คณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี 18,000 บาท

Source [33], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A single provider's price (one university's provincial campus), so grade D. Use it as an example price for a public-university science degree. An academic year has two regular semesters. Not the full public cost per student.

18,000THB per student per semester2025
ED-14AAverage Student Loan Fund (กยศ.) lending per borrower, AY2025Student able to study with a government student loan
การดำเนินงาน ให้กู้ยืมเงินในปีการศึกษา 2568 กยศ. ปล่อยกู้ไปแล้วกว่า 584,677 ราย เป็นวงเงินให้กู้ยืมกว่า 37,163 ล้านบาท (ข้อมูล ณ วันที่ 17 กันยายน 2568)

Source [34], p. 1 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 10 Nov 2026

Formula THB 37,163 million ÷ 584,677 borrowers

Note A loan, not a grant, so it is a proxy for the cost of access rather than the value of the outcome. It is a Fund-wide total that the release does not split into tuition and living costs, and the same paragraph mentions the Fund's loans to adults aged 18 to 60 for vocational and reskilling courses without saying whether they are counted. Both inputs are 'more than' figures as of 17 Sep 2025, before the academic year ended, read from the Fund's own press release, so the result is approximate.

≈ 63,562THB per student per academic year2025
ED-15AOBEC uniform allowance per primary pupil, FY2027Primary pupil has a school uniform
4.1 เกณฑ์การจัดสรรงบประมาณ ระดับ อัตราการสนับสนุน ภาคเรียนที่ 1/2570 (บาท/คน/ปี) ก่อนประถมศึกษา 325 ประถมศึกษา 400

Source [28], p. 33 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Paid once a year in semester 1 of academic year 2027 for shirts, trousers and skirts. The same table gives THB 325 for pre-primary, 500 lower secondary, 550 upper secondary and 950 vocational certificate. Read from OBEC's own guideline; the earlier entry came from a 2024 news report of the same rate.

400THB per person per year2027
ED-16AOBEC learning-materials allowance per primary pupil, FY2027Primary pupil has the learning materials needed
3.1 เกณฑ์การจัดสรรงบประมาณ ระดับ อัตราการสนับสนุน (บาท/คน) ภาคเรียนที่ ภาคเรียนที่ รวม 2/2569 1/2570 2 ภาคเรียน ก่อนประถมศึกษา 145 145 290 ประถมศึกษา 220 220 440

Source [28], p. 31 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note THB 220 per semester for notebooks, pencils, school bags or an internet SIM for learning. Other levels: THB 290 pre-primary, 520 secondary and vocational certificate. Read from OBEC's own guideline; the earlier entry came from a 2024 news report of the same rate.

440THB per person per year2027
ED-17AOBEC five-item free-education package per pupil (teaching subsidy, textbooks, learning materials, uniform, student activities), pre-primary (K1 to K3), general schools, FY2027A child completes a year of pre-primary schooling without the family paying for tuition and basic school costs
1. โรงเรียนทั่วไป ระดับชั้น ภาคเรียนที่ 2/2569 ภาคเรียนที่ 1/2570 รวมงบประมาณ อ.1 - อ.3 1,450 บาท 1,975 บาท 3,425 บาท

Source [28], p. 67 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. It already contains ED-01, so do not add it on top.

3,425THB per person per year2027
ED-18AOBEC five-item free-education package per pupil (teaching subsidy, textbooks, learning materials, uniform, student activities), primary (P1 to P6), regular pupils, general schools, FY2027A child completes a year of primary schooling without the family paying for tuition and basic school costs
1. โรงเรียนทั่วไป ระดับชั้น ภาคเรียนที่ 2/2569 ภาคเรียนที่ 1/2570 รวมงบประมาณ อ.1 - อ.3 1,450 บาท 1,975 บาท 3,425 บาท ป.1 - ป.6 นร.ทั่วไป 1,675 บาท 2,725 - 2,934 บาท 4,400 - 4,609 บาท

Source [28], p. 67 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. The table prints a range of THB 4,400–4,609 because textbook costs differ by grade; the lower bound is used to avoid overclaiming. It already contains ED-02, ED-15 and ED-16, so do not add them on top.

4,400–4,609THB per person per year2027
ED-19AOBEC five-item free-education package per pupil (teaching subsidy, textbooks, learning materials, uniform, student activities), lower secondary (M1 to M3), regular pupils, general schools, FY2027A child completes a year of lower secondary schooling without the family paying for tuition and basic school costs
1. โรงเรียนทั่วไป ระดับชั้น ภาคเรียนที่ 2/2569 ภาคเรียนที่ 1/2570 รวมงบประมาณ อ.1 - อ.3 1,450 บาท 1,975 บาท 3,425 บาท ป.1 - ป.6 นร.ทั่วไป 1,675 บาท 2,725 - 2,934 บาท 4,400 - 4,609 บาท ป.1 - ป.6 นร.ยากจน 2,175 บาท 3,225 - 3,434 บาท 5,400 - 5,609 บาท ม.1 - ม.3 นร.ทั่วไป 2,950 บาท 4,258 - 4,446 บาท 7,208 - 7,396 บาท

Source [28], p. 67 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. The table prints a range of THB 7,208–7,396 because textbook costs differ by grade; the lower bound is used to avoid overclaiming. It already contains ED-03, so do not add it on top.

7,208–7,396THB per person per year2027
ED-20AOBEC five-item free-education package per pupil (teaching subsidy, textbooks, learning materials, uniform, student activities), upper secondary (M4 to M6), general schools, FY2027A child completes a year of upper secondary schooling without the family paying for tuition and basic school costs
ม.1 - ม.3 นร.ทั่วไป 2,950 บาท 4,258 - 4,446 บาท 7,208 - 7,396 บาท ม.1 - ม.3 นร.ยากจน 4,450 บาท 5,758 - 5,946 บาท 10,208 - 10,396 บาท ม.4 - ม.6 3,170 บาท 4,884 - 5,104 บาท 8,054 - 8,274 บาท

Source [28], p. 67 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. The table prints a range of THB 8,054–8,274 because textbook costs differ by grade; the lower bound is used to avoid overclaiming. It already contains ED-04, so do not add it on top.

8,054–8,274THB per person per year2027
ED-21AOBEC basic-needs grant per poor primary pupil, general schools, FY2027A poor primary pupil gets help with basic costs to stay in school for a year
ค. เงินปัจจัยพื้นฐานสำหรับนักเรียนยากจน (รายการค่าจัดการเรียนการสอน) สำหรับโรงเรียนทั่วไป หน่วย : บาท/คน ระดับ ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570 ภาคเรียนที่ 2/2569 ภาคเรียนที่ 1/2570 รวม 2 ภาคเรียน ประถมศึกษา (ป.1 - ป.6) 500 500 1,000 มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น (ม.1 - ม.3) 1,500 1,500 3,000

Source [28], p. 72 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Paid in cash only to pupils who pass the means test (average household income of THB 3,000 a month or less plus household-status criteria), on top of the five-item package, at the rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 12 June 2007. The guideline says the EEF equity grant (ED-06) is a separate, additional transfer. Use it as a cost of support, not as the value of education.

1,000THB per person per year2027
ED-22AOBEC basic-needs grant per poor lower secondary pupil, general schools, FY2027A poor lower secondary pupil gets help with basic costs to stay in school for a year
ค. เงินปัจจัยพื้นฐานสำหรับนักเรียนยากจน (รายการค่าจัดการเรียนการสอน) สำหรับโรงเรียนทั่วไป หน่วย : บาท/คน ระดับ ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570 ภาคเรียนที่ 2/2569 ภาคเรียนที่ 1/2570 รวม 2 ภาคเรียน ประถมศึกษา (ป.1 - ป.6) 500 500 1,000 มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น (ม.1 - ม.3) 1,500 1,500 3,000

Source [28], p. 72 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Paid in cash only to pupils who pass the means test (average household income of THB 3,000 a month or less plus household-status criteria), on top of the five-item package, at the rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 12 June 2007. The guideline says the EEF equity grant (ED-06) is a separate, additional transfer. Use it as a cost of support, not as the value of education.

3,000THB per person per year2027
ED-23AOBEC meal subsidy per boarding pupil in grades P1 to M3 (THB 20 a meal, 2 meals a day, 200 days), FY2027A remote-area boarding pupil gets breakfast and dinner for a full school year
จัดสรรเงินอุดหนุนค่าอาหารนักเรียนประจำพักนอน มื้อละ 20 บาท/คน วันละ 2 มื้อ (เช้าและเย็น) จำนวน 200 วัน/ปีการศึกษา ดังนี้ ที่ ระดับ อัตราเงินอุดหนุน (บาท/คน) ภาคเรียนละ ปีละ 1. ประถมศึกษา 4,000 8,000 2. มัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 4,000 8,000

Source [28], p. 19 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Only for pupils who live too far to travel home each day and board at school; lunch is not included. The THB 20 meal rate dates from the Comptroller General's Department approval of 2016, so it may be below current food prices.

8,000THB per person per year2027
ED-24AOBEC five-item package per vocational certificate student in general schools (type 3), industrial, textile and ICT fields, FY2027One year of industrial vocational certificate study in a secondary school
สำหรับสถานศึกษาทั่วไปที่เปิดสอนระดับประกาศนียบัตรวิชาชีพ (ปวช. 1-3) ลักษณะที่ 3 จำแนกตามประเภทวิชา ดังนี้ อุตสาหกรรม/อุตสาหกรรม 3,900 260 630 4,790 3,900 2,000 260 950 630 7,740 12,530

Source [28], p. 70 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Rate for OBEC schools that teach the vocational certificate (type 3), not OVEC colleges, whose budgets may differ; teacher salaries are excluded. Other fields in the same table: commerce THB 10,610, home economics and tourism 11,330, agriculture and fisheries 11,810, arts 12,170 and reformed agriculture 19,010.

12,530THB per person per year2027
ED-25AOBEC total per-pupil subsidy, day pupils in grades P1 to P6, special education schools, FY2027A child with a disability attends a special education school (day pupil) at primary level for a year
2) นักเรียนไป - กลับ ภาคเรียนที่ 2/2569 (ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570) ภาคเรียนที่ 1/2570 (ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570) … ป.1 1,140 3,610 220 315 5,285 1,140 3,610 656 220 400 315 6,341 11,626 ป.2 1,140 3,610 220 315 5,285 1,140 3,610 650 220 400 315 6,335 11,620 … ป.6 1,140 3,610 220 315 5,285 1,140 3,610 859 220 400 315 6,544 11,829

Source [28], p. 76 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Includes the base and top-up per-head subsidies (the top-up carries a THB 30 meal allowance, THB 6,600 a year for day pupils, so do not add a lunch value) plus textbooks, materials, uniform and activities, but not teacher salaries. The special education schools grade table gives THB 11,620 (P2) to 11,829 (P6) and the lower bound is used so the value is not overstated; the summary table (PDF page 68) prints 11,626 to 11,829. Boarding pupils at the same level receive THB 33,720 to 33,929.

11,620–11,829THB per person per year2027
ED-26BEducation spending poor households still pay themselves on top of state subsidies, per pupil per year (mostly fees, travel and breakfast)A poor household no longer pays the school costs that state support leaves uncovered
เงินจำนวนดังกล่าวยังไม่ครอบคลุมเพียงพอต่อการส่งบุตรหลานในครัวเรือนยากจนให้ได้เข้ารับการศึกษา โดยครัวเรือนยากจนยังคงมีรายจ่ายทางการศึกษาที่ต้องจ่ายเพิ่มเติมเองนอกจากที่รัฐอุดหนุนให้ 9,420 บาทต่อคนต่อปี

Source [35], p. 19 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note EEF analysis in a policy report, not an official statistic. The report gives neither the data source nor the base year, so the year 2025 used here is an assumption based on the publication date (January 2026), and the breakfast cost inside the figure is an estimate.

9,420THB per person per year2025
ED-27AEEF High Vocational Innovation Scholarship monthly allowance (living costs, books, materials, study costs and housing), 2-year diploma track, 2026A young person from a poor family can study for a higher vocational diploma with living costs covered
6.1 ค่าใช้จ่ายรายเดือน (ค่าครองชีพ ค่าหนังสือและอุปกรณ์การเรียน ค่าใช้จ่ายในการเรียน และค่าที่พัก) … เช่น กรณีเป็นทุนประเภท 2 ปี แต่มีระยะเวลาศึกษาตามหลักสูตร 2 ปี 6 เดือน ค่าใช้จ่ายรายเดือน กสศ. จะคำนวณโดยนำอัตรา (7,500 บาท x 24 เดือน) ÷ 30 = 6,000 บาท

Source [36] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Tuition is paid separately to the college at a modest rate and is not included. The 2-year award is counted over 24 months, and a longer course spreads the same total over more months (THB 6,000 a month over 30 months in EEF's example); the 5-year track pays THB 6,500 a month for the first 3 years and 7,500 for the last 2. It is a cost of support, not the value of the outcome.

7,500THB per student per month2026
ED-28CAverage monthly salary of employed graduates of the EEF High Vocational Innovation Scholarship (6,596 graduates, 82.09% employed)A young person from a poor family completes higher vocational training and finds work
ทุนนวัตกรรมสายอาชีพชั้นสูง ประกอบด้วย ทุน 1 ปี หลักสูตรผู้ช่วยพยาบาล/ผู้ช่วยทันตแพทย์ ทุน 2 ปี ปวส./อนุปริญญา ทุน 5 ปี (ปวช.ต่อเนื่องปวส.) รวมทุนสะสม 13,924 ทุน จบการศึกษา 6,596 คน อัตราส่วนผู้มีงานทำ (ไม่รวมผู้ศึกษาต่อ) ร้อยละ 82.09 ค่าเฉลี่ยเงินเดือน 11,983.58 บาทต่อเดือน

Source [37] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note EEF's own tracking of its scholars, from an infographic published in July 2025 that gives no method or survey period and pools several graduating cohorts, so grade C; 2025 is the publication year. It is a salary level, not an increase: subtract what the person would likely have earned without the scholarship before using it in an SROI.

11,983.58THB per person per month2025
ED-29AEEF equity grant (conditional cash transfer) per extremely poor kindergarten pupil per yearAn extremely poor kindergarten child kept in school for one year
โดยในระดับอนุบาลจะได้รับจัดสรรเงินทุน 4,000 บาทต่อคนต่อปี ส่วนระดับประถมศึกษาถึงมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นจะได้รับจัดสรรทุน 4,200 บาทต่อคนต่อปี ซึ่งจะจ่ายแบ่งเป็นรายภาคเรียน

Source [38] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Read from an EEF feature article on EEF's own site (28 October 2026), which does not name the school year; the 2026 rate table shown as an image on the equity-grant page gives the same THB 4,000 and says the kindergarten rate was kept at its previous level. Primary and lower secondary are in ED-06. Use it as the cost of covering hidden school costs, not as the value of education.

4,000THB per person per year2026
ED-30AReference price of pasteurised school milk set by the cabinet on 19 Nov 2024A school child drinks one pack of school milk a day
1.2 คณะรัฐมนตรีในคราวประชุมเมื่อวันที่ 19 พฤศจิกายน 2567 มีมติอนุมัติปรับเพิ่มราคากลาง ในการจำหน่ายผลิตภัณฑ์นม โครงการอาหารเสริม (นม) โรงเรียน ตามที่กระทรวงเกษตรและสหกรณ์เสนอ ดังนี้ ประเภทผลิตภัณฑ์นม ราคากลางเดิม ราคากลางใหม่ หน่วย นมโรงเรียนชนิดพาสเจอร์ไรส์ 6.89 7.35 บาท/ถุง นมโรงเรียนชนิด ยู เอช ที 8.13 8.59 บาท/กล่อง

Source [39], p. 3 · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The reference price local governments use to buy pasteurised school milk, the same in every province and in force from 19 Nov 2024 (previously THB 6.89). DLA's FY2027 guideline allocates THB 7.97 a child a day, which it describes as the average of the pasteurised and UHT prices and which equals (7.35 + 8.59) ÷ 2. Multiply by the number of milk days (260 for child development centres and local government and OBEC schools in the FY2027 guideline) for a value per child per year.

7.35THB per pack2024
ED-31AReference price of UHT school milk set by the cabinet on 19 Nov 2024A school child drinks one carton of UHT school milk a day
1.2 คณะรัฐมนตรีในคราวประชุมเมื่อวันที่ 19 พฤศจิกายน 2567 มีมติอนุมัติปรับเพิ่มราคากลาง ในการจำหน่ายผลิตภัณฑ์นม โครงการอาหารเสริม (นม) โรงเรียน ตามที่กระทรวงเกษตรและสหกรณ์เสนอ ดังนี้ ประเภทผลิตภัณฑ์นม ราคากลางเดิม ราคากลางใหม่ หน่วย นมโรงเรียนชนิดพาสเจอร์ไรส์ 6.89 7.35 บาท/ถุง นมโรงเรียนชนิด ยู เอช ที 8.13 8.59 บาท/กล่อง

Source [39], p. 3 · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The reference price local governments use to buy UHT school milk, the same in every province and in force from 19 Nov 2024 (previously THB 8.13). DLA's FY2027 guideline allocates THB 7.97 a child a day, which it describes as the average of the pasteurised and UHT prices and which equals (7.35 + 8.59) ÷ 2. Multiply by the number of milk days for a value per child per year.

8.59THB per carton2024
ED-32ASchool milk subsidy allocated per child per day, FY2027 (child development centres, kindergarten, P1–P6)A young child or primary pupil gets school milk every day
(2) จัดสรรในอัตราคนละ ๗.๙๗ บาท (อัตราในการจัดสรรไม่ใช่ราคากลางในการซื้อขายอาหารเสริม (นม) โรงเรียน แต่เป็นเพียงราคาเฉลี่ยระหว่างนมพาสเจอร์ไรส์ และนม ยู เอช ที) โดยองค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น ดำเนินการจัดซื้ออาหารเสริม (นม) โรงเรียน ให้แก่สถานศึกษาที่อยู่ในความรับผิดชอบ ดังนี้ ที่ สถานศึกษา จำนวนที่จัดสรร (วัน) 1 ศูนย์พัฒนาเด็กเล็ก (ศพด.) ที่ อปท. จัดตั้งขึ้นเองและรับถ่ายโอนภารกิจ ๒๖๐

Source [30], p. 5 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The amount allocated per child per day, which DLA says is not the purchase reference price but the average of the pasteurised and UHT school milk prices. The same guideline funds 260 days a year for child development centres and local government and OBEC schools (280 for highland community learning centres, the social development department's childcare centres, and welfare and special education schools); at 260 days that is about THB 2,072 per child per year. Fiscal year 2027 covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of 2027.

7.97THB per child per day2027
ED-33AFive-item education subsidy per child (aged 3 to 5) in a local government child development centre, FY2027A young child attends a local government child development centre for a year without the family paying for tuition and basic costs
4. รายการเงินอุดหนุนสำหรับสนับสนุนค่าใช้จ่ายในการจัดการศึกษาสำหรับศูนย์พัฒนาเด็กเล็ก … ซึ่งประกอบด้วย 5 กิจกรรม … 4.1 ค่าจัดการเรียนการสอน (รายหัว) … คนละ 2,040 บาทต่อปี … 4.2 ค่าหนังสือเรียน … คนละ 200 บาทต่อปี … 4.3 ค่าอุปกรณ์การเรียน … คนละ 290 บาทต่อปี … 4.4 ค่าเครื่องแบบนักเรียน … คนละ 325 บาทต่อปี … 4.5 ค่ากิจกรรมพัฒนาผู้เรียน … คนละ 570 บาทต่อปี

Source [30], p. 16 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 10 Nov 2026

Formula Teaching subsidy 2,040 + textbooks 200 + learning materials 290 + uniform 325 + student activities 570 (THB per child per year)

Note Sum of the five items DLA lists under one subsidy line for child development centres. The teaching subsidy covers children aged 2 to 5, the other four items only ages 3 to 5 (a two-year-old gets THB 2,040). Lunch (245 days at the school-size rate), milk (THB 7.97 a day) and carers' pay are not included, so it is a floor for the public cost per child; the total equals OBEC's five-item kindergarten package (ED-17).

3,425THB per child per year2027
ED-34AMonthly pay DLA allocates for a contract teacher of disadvantaged children (bachelor's degree), FY2027Disadvantaged children are taught by one full-time teacher
10. รายการเงินอุดหนุนสำหรับสนับสนุนการจัดการศึกษาแก่เด็กด้อยโอกาส 10.1 หลักเกณฑ์การจัดสรรงบประมาณ จัดสรรให้แก่องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น เพื่อเป็นค่าใช้จ่าย ดังนี้ (1) ค่าตอบแทน และเงินประกันสังคมสำหรับพนักงานจ้างตามภารกิจ ตำแหน่ง ครูสอนเด็กด้อยโอกาส (วุฒิปริญญาตรี) จำนวน 18,150 บาทต่อคนต่อเดือน และเงินสมทบกองทุนประกันสังคม ร้อยละ 5 ของค่าจ้าง

Source [30], p. 32 · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The monthly pay DLA funds for a contract teacher with a bachelor's degree in local government programmes for disadvantaged children; it is not a civil-service teacher's salary and excludes the 5% employer social security contribution funded on top. Twelve months come to THB 217,800. Where a teacher's raised pay plus the temporary cost-of-living allowance is higher, the guideline has the local government pay the difference from its own revenue, so this is the funded amount rather than every teacher's actual cost; use it as the replacement cost of one teacher in a programme for disadvantaged children.

18,150THB per teacher per month2027
ED-35AOBEC total per-pupil subsidy, boarding pupils in grades P1 to P6, welfare schools, FY2027A poor or disadvantaged child boards and studies at a welfare school at primary level for a year
ง. โรงเรียนการศึกษาสงเคราะห์ 1) นักเรียนประจำ … ป.1 1,140 14,450 220 315 16,125 1,140 14,450 656 220 400 315 17,181 33,306 ป.2 1,140 14,450 220 315 16,125 1,140 14,450 650 220 400 315 17,175 33,300 … ป.6 1,140 14,450 220 315 16,125 1,140 14,450 859 220 400 315 17,384 33,509

Source [28], p. 73 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Base and top-up per-head subsidies for boarding pupils (the top-up carries meals at THB 30 a meal, THB 27,000 a year, so do not add a food value) plus textbooks, materials, uniform and activities; it is a state allocation and excludes the salaries of civil-service teachers and staff. The table gives THB 33,300 (P2) to 33,509 (P6) and the lower bound is used so the value is not overstated. Fiscal year 2027 covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of 2027.

33,300THB per pupil per year2027
ED-36AOBEC total per-pupil subsidy, boarding pupils in grades P1 to P6, special education schools, FY2027A child with a disability boards and studies at a special education school at primary level for a year
จ. โรงเรียนการศึกษาพิเศษ 1) นักเรียนประจำ … ป.1 1,140 14,660 220 315 16,335 1,140 14,660 656 220 400 315 17,391 33,726 ป.2 1,140 14,660 220 315 16,335 1,140 14,660 650 220 400 315 17,385 33,720 … ป.6 1,140 14,660 220 315 16,335 1,140 14,660 859 220 400 315 17,594 33,929

Source [28], p. 75 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Base and top-up per-head subsidies for boarding pupils (the top-up carries meals at THB 30 a meal, THB 27,000 a year, so do not add a food value) plus textbooks, materials, uniform and activities; it is a state allocation and excludes the salaries of civil-service teachers and staff. The table gives THB 33,720 (P2) to 33,929 (P6) and the lower bound is used so the value is not overstated. Day pupils are in ED-25.

33,720THB per pupil per year2027
ED-37AFood allowance for boarding pupils within the OBEC top-up subsidy, welfare and special education schools (THB 30 a meal, THB 90 a day), FY2027A boarding pupil gets three meals a day
ทั้งนี้ ในเงินอุดหนุนรายหัวสมทบ มีรายการค่าอาหารนักเรียนประจำ และ ไป-กลับ มื้อละ 30 บาท โดยมีเกณฑ์การจัดสรรงบประมาณค่าอาหาร ดังนี้ - นักเรียนประจำ ปีละ 27,000 บาท (วันละ 90 บาท 30 วัน 10 เดือน) - นักเรียน ไป-กลับ 6,600 บาท (วันละ 30 บาท 22 วัน 10 เดือน)

Source [28], p. 50 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The food rate OBEC allocates for boarding pupils in welfare and special education schools, budgeted at THB 27,000 a year (300 days); day pupils get one meal at THB 30. It is an allocation, not the actual cost of food, and it is already inside ED-35 and ED-36, so do not add it on top.

90THB per pupil per day2027
Employment and income (29)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
EM-01AStatutory minimum daily wage, Bangkok (highest band)Worker earns at least the legal minimum wage (Bangkok / highest band)
The 400-bath minimum daily wage rate shall be applied: ... (3) In the areas of Bangkok, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Phuket, Rayong and Surat Thani limited to Koh Samui District.

Source [40], p. 1 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Under clause 2 (3) it applies in Bangkok, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Phuket, Rayong and Koh Samui District; clause 2 (1) and (2) set other cases at this rate. In force from 1 July 2025; check whether a later notice has replaced it before use. Read from the Ministry of Labour's unofficial English translation; the Thai text in the Royal Gazette is the legal version.

400THB per worker per day2025
EM-02AStatutory minimum daily wage, lowest bandWorker earns at least the legal minimum wage (lowest band)
The 337-bath minimum daily wage rate shall be enforced in Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala.

Source [40], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The notice sets 17 rates from THB 337 to 400 a day. Use the rate of the project's province, not an average. In force from 1 July 2025. Read from the Ministry of Labour's unofficial English translation.

337THB per worker per day2025
EM-03DMinimum wage per hour, Bangkok (daily ÷ 8)Volunteer time valued at minimum wage per hour (Bangkok)
Eight hours for work other than work under (1).

Source [40], p. 2 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 400 a day ÷ 8 hours

Note A conservative floor for volunteer time, not the value of skills. The notice defines a 'day' as normal hours of up to eight, so dividing by eight is an assumption. For skilled volunteering, use the wage of that occupation. In the lowest-rate provinces it is 337 ÷ 8 = THB 42.125 an hour.

50THB per hour2025
EM-04AAverage monthly wage, all workers, Q2 2025Earnings from employment, all workers
เมื่อพิจารณาค่าจ้างเฉลี่ยในภาพรวมของแรงงานทุกสถานภาพจะอยู่ที่ 15,977 บาทต่อคนต่อเดือน

Source [41], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Q2 2025 is the latest edition that could be opened. High earners pull the average up; for vulnerable groups use EM-06 or EM-07.

15,977THB per person per month2025
EM-05AAverage monthly private-sector wage, Q2 2025Earnings from private-sector employment
ค่าจ้างแรงงานเฉลี่ยของภาคเอกชนเพิ่มขึ้น โดยอยู่ที่ 14,370 บาทต่อคนต่อเดือน

Source [41], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For outcomes such as 'found a private-sector job'. Subtract the wage before the programme and deadweight.

14,370THB per person per month2025
EM-06AAverage monthly wage, informal employees, 2025Earnings of informal employees
แรงงานนอกระบบได้รับค่าจ้างเฉลี่ย 8,471 บาทต่อเดือน

Source [42], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Employees only, excluding own-account and unpaid family workers. Surveyed in Q3 (July to September 2025). Use as the baseline income before formalisation and compare with EM-07.

8,471THB per person per month2025
EM-07AAverage monthly wage, formal employees, 2025Higher earnings from moving into formal employment
แรงงานในระบบได้ค่าจ้างเฉลี่ย 16,508 บาทต่อเดือน

Source [42], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Employees only, surveyed in Q3 (July to September 2025). The gap with EM-06 (16,508 − 8,471 = THB 8,037 a month) is a national average, not a programme effect. Adjust for attribution and skill differences.

16,508THB per person per month2025
EM-08AAverage monthly household income, 2025Household income benchmark
ในปี 2568 ครัวเรือนทั่วประเทศ มีรายได้ทั้งสิ้นเฉลี่ยเดือนละ 28,308 บาท

Source [19], p. 23 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Total income includes in-kind income and transfers. A benchmark, not a proxy for an outcome itself.

28,308THB per household per month2025
EM-09AAverage monthly household expenditure, 2025Household expenditure benchmark
ในปี 2568 ครัวเรือนทั่วประเทศมีค่าใช้จ่ายทั้งสิ้นเฉลี่ยเดือนละ 22,420 บาท

Source [19], p. 24 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A base for shares, for example savings as a percentage of household spending. A national average, well above low-income households.

22,420THB per household per month2025
EM-10AAverage debt per household, 2025Reduced household debt
ในปี 2568 ครัวเรือนทั่วประเทศ มีหนี้สินเฉลี่ยต่อครัวเรือนทั้งสิ้น ครัวเรือนละ 153,038 บาท

Source [19], p. 25 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note An outstanding balance, not a yearly value. To value debt reduction, use the interest saved, not the whole balance.

153,038THB per household2025
EM-11ANational poverty line, 2024Income above the poverty line
เส้นความยากจนปรับตัวสูงขึ้นมาอยู่ที่ 3,078 บาทต่อคนต่อเดือน

Source [43], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2023 was THB 3,043. In 2024, 3.43 million people (4.89%) were poor. Multiply by 12 for THB 36,936 a year. Use it as the threshold for whether income crosses the poverty line.

3,078THB per person per month2024
EM-12DMaximum monthly SSO unemployment benefit on layoff (50% of the THB 17,500 wage ceiling in force from 1 January 2026)Income replacement after layoff for an insured worker at the wage cap
*ค่าจ้าง หมายถึง ค่าจ้างที่ใช้เป็นฐานในการคำนวณเงินสมทบที่นำส่งสำนักงาน ขั้นต่ำ 1,650 บาท และไม่เกิน 17,500 บาท (ตั้งแต่ 1 มกราคม 2569)

Source [21] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 50% of the average wage (layoff rule on SSO's unemployment page) × the contribution wage ceiling of THB 17,500 (from 1 January 2026) = THB 8,750 a month

Note The ceiling for a Section 33 member laid off at or above the wage cap, for up to 180 days a year; workers on lower wages get less. SSO's unemployment page still computes the benefit on a maximum base of THB 15,000 (at most THB 7,500 a month), but this page (updated August 2026) gives the new wage ceiling of THB 17,500 from 1 January 2026, and the SSO Secretary-General gave the THB 8,750 figure at a briefing on 4 December 2025 (Daily News). Graded D because it combines two pages and assumes the new ceiling applies to the unemployment benefit. A transfer from the fund: count it as income protection, not new income.

8,750THB per person per month2026
EM-13DMaximum monthly SSO unemployment benefit on resignation or end of contract (30% of the THB 17,500 wage ceiling in force from 1 January 2026)Income replacement after resignation or the end of a contract for an insured worker at the wage cap
*ค่าจ้าง หมายถึง ค่าจ้างที่ใช้เป็นฐานในการคำนวณเงินสมทบที่นำส่งสำนักงาน ขั้นต่ำ 1,650 บาท และไม่เกิน 17,500 บาท (ตั้งแต่ 1 มกราคม 2569)

Source [21] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 30% of the average wage (resignation and end-of-contract rule on SSO's unemployment page) × the contribution wage ceiling of THB 17,500 (from 1 January 2026) = THB 5,250 a month

Note The ceiling for a Section 33 member who resigns or reaches the end of a contract at or above the wage cap, for up to 90 days a year; workers on lower wages get less. SSO's unemployment page still computes the benefit on a maximum base of THB 15,000 (at most THB 4,500 a month), but this page (updated August 2026) gives the new wage ceiling of THB 17,500 from 1 January 2026. Graded D because it combines two pages and assumes the new ceiling applies to the unemployment benefit. A transfer from the fund: count it as income protection, not new income.

5,250THB per person per month2026
EM-14DMax monthly SSO Section 33 employee contribution from 2026Job formalisation: social security contribution
เพดานฐานค่าจ้างสูงสุด 17,500 บาท จ่ายเงินสมทบไม่เกิน 875 บาทต่อเดือน

Source [44] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Applies from 1 Jan 2026 to 31 Dec 2028. The maximum employee contribution at the standard rate (875 = 5% of 17,500); employers pay the same. Read from a private company's article; the ministerial regulation in the Royal Gazette (12 Dec 2025) was viewed and shows the same THB 17,500 cap, but its text cannot be copied from the file, so the row stays grade D.

875THB per person per month2026
EM-15DWelfare card goods allowance, Nov 2026State welfare card purchase allowance
วงเงินซื้อสินค้า 300 บาท ต่อคนต่อเดือน

Source [45] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The amount changes with each round of measures. The same month also gives THB 750 for transport, THB 80 per three months for cooking gas, and up to THB 315 each for water and electricity. A transfer, so avoid double counting with income.

300THB per person per month2026
EM-16ANational unemployment rate, Q1 2026Unemployed person finds work (context when judging deadweight)
สำหรับผู้ว่างงานในไตรมาสที่ 1 พ.ศ. 2569 มีจำนวน 3.93 แสนคน คิดเป็นอัตราการว่างงาน ร้อยละ 0.9 ของกำลังแรงงานรวม

Source [46] · Method: Conversion factor · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The share of the labour force without work, not the chance that a participant would find work on their own, so use it as context rather than as a deadweight figure. The national rate is low because anyone who worked at least one hour in the survey week counts as employed, which hides underemployment; youth aged 15 to 24 have a much higher rate (4.6%).

0.9% of the total labour force2026
EM-17AYouth (aged 15 to 24) unemployment rate, Q1 2026Young person aged 15 to 24 finds work (context when judging deadweight)
ผู้ว่างงานในกลุ่มเยาวชน (อายุ 15 - 24 ปี) มีจำนวน 1.70 แสนคน คิดเป็นอัตราการว่างงาน ร้อยละ 4.6

Source [46] · Method: Conversion factor · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Several times the rate for adults aged 25 and over (0.6%). Useful context for youth training or job-matching projects, but not the chance that a participant would find work on their own. Quarterly figures move with the seasons, so compare with the same quarter of the previous year.

4.6% of the labour force aged 15 to 242026
EM-18DAverage monthly wage, all workers, Q2 2026, as announced by NESDCEarnings from employment, all workers, latest quarter
ในส่วนของค่าจ้าง พบว่า ค่าจ้างเฉลี่ยของแรงงานยังคงปรับลดลง ภาพรวมอยู่ที่ 15,937 บาทต่อคนต่อเดือน ลดลง 0.25%

Source [47] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The same series as EM-04 (Q2 2025, THB 15,977, grade A from NESDC's own report) one year on, and the 0.25% fall announced matches it (15,977 × 0.9975 ≈ 15,937). It is grade D because it was read from Thai PBS's report of the briefing; NESDC's report could not be opened. Use EM-04 when a grade A source is needed. After inflation, real wages fell 2.88%.

15,937THB per person per month2026
EM-19ASSO unemployment benefit on layoff: 50% of average wage for up to 180 days a year (Section 33)Insured worker who is laid off keeps part of their income while looking for work
กรณีถูกเลิกจ้าง ได้รับเงินทดแทนระหว่างการว่างงานปีละไม่เกิน 180 วัน ในอัตราร้อยละ 50 ของค่าจ้างเฉลี่ย โดยคำนวณจากฐานเงินสมทบขั้นต่ำเดือนละ 1,650 บาท และฐานเงินสมทบสูงสุดไม่เกิน 15,000 บาท

Source [48] · Method: Market price · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Multiply by the participant's previous average wage (up to the contribution ceiling) to get the monthly benefit. This page still shows the THB 15,000 base, while SSO's benefits page updated in August 2026 gives a ceiling of THB 17,500 from 1 January 2026 (at most THB 8,750 a month, see EM-12). A transfer from the fund: count it as income protection, not new income.

50% of average wage2024
EM-20ASSO unemployment benefit on resignation or end of contract: 30% of average wage for up to 90 days a year (Section 33)Insured worker who resigns or reaches the end of a contract keeps part of their income while looking for work
กรณีลาออกหรือสิ้นสุดสัญญาจ้างตามกำหนดระยะเวลา ได้รับเงินทดแทนระหว่างการว่างงานปีละไม่เกิน 90 วัน ในอัตราร้อยละ 30 ของค่าจ้างเฉลี่ย

Source [48] · Method: Market price · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Multiply by the participant's previous average wage. This page still shows the THB 15,000 base (at most THB 4,500 a month); on the THB 17,500 ceiling that SSO lists from 1 January 2026 the maximum is THB 5,250 a month (30% × 17,500). A transfer, not new income.

30% of average wage2024
EM-21ASSO worked example of the old-age pension: wage THB 15,000 a month, 20 years of contributions (27.5% rate)Worker with 20 years of social security contributions receives a lifelong monthly old-age pension
ตัวอย่างที่ 2 ผู้ประกันตนทำงานได้รับเงินค่าจ้างเดือนละ 15,000 บาท มาตลอด และส่งเงินสมทบมาแล้ว 20 ปี ... = 20% + 7.5% = 27.5% ผู้ประกันตนจะได้รับเงินบำนาญรายเดือน = 27.5% ของ 15,000 บาท = 4,125 บาท/เดือนจนตลอดชีวิต

Source [49] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The rule is 20% of the average wage over the last 60 months once 180 months of contributions are paid, plus 1.5% for every further 12 months. Recalculate with participants' actual wages. The example uses the former THB 15,000 base (the ceiling is THB 17,500 from 1 January 2026), and SSO is preparing a new pension formula.

4,125THB per person per month2024
EM-22ASection 39 voluntary contribution (9% of a THB 4,800 base)Person who leaves a job keeps social security cover (Section 39)
เงินที่ใช้เป็นฐานในการคำนวณเงินสมทบ คือ เดือนละ 4,800 บาทเท่ากันทุกคน โดยคิดจากอัตราเงินสมทบ 9% (4,800 x 9% = 432 บาทต่อเดือน)

Source [50] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note What the insured person pays to keep six types of cover (not unemployment). A floor for the value of the cover kept, not the full value of the benefits. Open to people with at least 12 months of Section 33 contributions who left work no more than six months earlier.

432THB per person per month2025
EM-23ASection 40 contribution, option 1Informal worker joins social security (Section 40, option 1)
ทางเลือกที่ 1 จ่ายเงินสมทบ 70 บาท/เดือน

Source [51] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Option 1 covers sickness, invalidity and death, with no old-age or child benefit. This is the member's share; the government adds up to half as much again. Use it as a floor for the value of access to cover, not the value of the benefits.

70THB per person per month2024
EM-24ASection 40 contribution, option 2Informal worker joins social security with old-age savings (Section 40, option 2)
ทางเลือกที่ 2 จ่ายเงินสมทบ 100 บาท/เดือน

Source [51] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Option 2 adds an old-age lump sum (THB 50 for each month paid, plus returns) to the cover of option 1. This is the member's share; the government adds up to half as much again. A floor, not the value of the benefits.

100THB per person per month2024
EM-25ASection 40 contribution, option 3Informal worker gets the fullest Section 40 social security cover (option 3)
ทางเลือกที่ 3 จ่ายเงินสมทบ 300 บาท/เดือน

Source [51] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Option 3 adds an old-age lump sum of THB 150 for each month paid, a further THB 10,000 after 180 months, and a child allowance of THB 200 per child a month (up to two children). This is the member's share; the government adds up to half as much again. A floor, not the value of the benefits.

300THB per person per month2024
EM-26ASection 40 income-loss compensation for an inpatient stayInformal worker does not lose all income when admitted to hospital
(1) นอนพักรักษาตัวในโรงพยาบาลตั้งแต่ 1 วันขึ้นไป วันละ 300 บาท

Source [24] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The same for every option. Options 1 and 2 pay for up to 30 days a year in total, option 3 up to 90 days. Without an inpatient stay but with at least three days of medical leave the rate is THB 200 a day. A floor, well below the daily minimum wage.

300THB per person per day2024
EM-27ASSO child allowance for Section 33 and 39 members (children from birth to age six)Insured worker's family receives help with the cost of raising a young child
สิทธิที่ท่านจะได้รับเงินสงเคราะห์บุตรเหมาจ่ายเดือนละ 1,000 บาทต่อบุตรหนึ่งคน คราวละไม่เกิน 3 คน ( มีผลตั้งแต่วันที่ 1 มกราคม พ.ศ.2568 )

Source [52] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note In force since 1 January 2025 and still shown on the page updated in August 2026; up to three children at a time. Requires at least 12 months of contributions within 36 months. A transfer, not the full cost of raising a child. Section 40 option 3 members get THB 200 per child.

1,000THB per child per month2026
EM-28ALegal ceiling on loan interest, 15% a year (1.25% a month)Household stops borrowing from informal lenders who charge above the legal rate
เพราะการกู้นอกระบบมักมีการเรียกเก็บดอกเบี้ยสูงเกินกว่าที่กฎหมายกำหนด (ตามกฎหมายคือ การเรียกเก็บดอกเบี้ยต้องไม่เกินร้อยละ 15 ต่อปี หรือร้อยละ 1.25 ต่อเดือน)

Source [53] · Method: Market price · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use it to value interest saved when informal debt moves into the formal system, preferring the rate participants actually paid where known. It is the legal ceiling, not an observed rate; informal loans above the legal limit cost more, so it gives a conservative estimate. Lenders supervised by the BOT or the Ministry of Finance have their own ceilings.

15% per year2026
EM-29AInterest rate after joining the Debt Clinic scheme, 3% to 5% a year (the top of the range, 5%)Borrower with bad credit-card or personal-loan debt has it restructured at a lower rate
• แก้หนี้เสีย บัตรเครดิต บัตรกดเงินสด และสินเชื่อส่วนบุคคล ที่ค้างชำระเกิน 120 วัน ... • ลดดอกเบี้ย เหลือ 3%-5% ต่อปี และเปลี่ยนเป็นผ่อนจ่ายรายงวด สูงสุด 10 ปี

Source [54] · Method: Market price · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Subtract it from the debt's previous rate and multiply by the balance to get the yearly interest saved. The top of the range, 5%, is used so the interest saved is not overstated. Applies only to credit-card, cash-card and personal-loan debt more than 120 days overdue, up to THB 2 million in total.

5 (3–5)% per year2026
Industry, enterprise and the workplace (16)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
IN-01APEA energy charge, type 2 small general service, normal rate, below 22 kV, units above 400 a month (excl. Ft and VAT)Small business (shop, workshop, small factory) or small government office uses less electricity
2.1.2 แรงดันต่ำกว่า 22 กิโลโวลท์ 33.29 150 หน่วยแรก (หน่วยที่ 0 – 150) 3.2484 250 หน่วยต่อไป (หน่วยที่ 151 – 400) 4.2218 เกิน 400 หน่วยขึ้นไป (หน่วยที่ 401 เป็นต้นไป) 4.4217

Source [55], p. 3 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For valuing electricity saved by customers with peak demand below 30 kW. This is the rate for units above 400 a month; the first 150 units cost 3.2484 baht and units 151 to 400 cost 4.2218 baht, and Ft and VAT must be added. MEA's type 2 tariff page lists the same rates for its below-12 kV band.

4.4217THB per kWh2026
IN-02APEA energy charge, type 3 medium general service, normal rate, below 22 kV (excl. Ft and VAT)Medium-sized business, factory or public facility cuts its electricity use
3.1 อัตราปกติ ค่าความต้องการพลังไฟฟ้า ค่าพลังงานไฟฟ้า ค่าบริการ (บาท/กิโลวัตต์) (บาท/หน่วย) (บาท/เดือน) 3.1.1 แรงดันตั้งแต่ 69 กิโลโวลท์ขึ้นไป 175.70 3.1097 312.24 3.1.2 แรงดัน 22 – 33 กิโลโวลท์ 196.26 3.1471 312.24 3.1.3 แรงดันต่ำกว่า 22 กิโลโวลท์ 221.50 3.1751 312.24

Source [55], p. 4 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Applies to customers with peak demand from 30 to under 1,000 kW using up to 250,000 kWh a month (three-month average). The normal rate 3.1 is only for customers already on it before the November 2015 bill; others pay the TOU rate 3.2. Bill savings also include the demand charge, Ft and VAT (at 22 to 33 kV the energy charge is 3.1471 baht).

3.1751THB per kWh2026
IN-03APEA demand charge, type 3 medium general service, normal rate, below 22 kVMedium-sized business lowers its monthly peak power demand
3.1 อัตราปกติ ค่าความต้องการพลังไฟฟ้า ค่าพลังงานไฟฟ้า ค่าบริการ (บาท/กิโลวัตต์) (บาท/หน่วย) (บาท/เดือน) 3.1.1 แรงดันตั้งแต่ 69 กิโลโวลท์ขึ้นไป 175.70 3.1097 312.24 3.1.2 แรงดัน 22 – 33 กิโลโวลท์ 196.26 3.1471 312.24 3.1.3 แรงดันต่ำกว่า 22 กิโลโวลท์ 221.50 3.1751 312.24

Source [55], p. 4 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For valuing a lower monthly peak (the highest 15-minute average), for example from load management or new equipment. This rate is only for customers on the normal rate 3.1 since before the November 2015 bill; TOU customers at this voltage pay 210.00 baht per kW of on-peak demand. The minimum bill is 70% of the highest demand charge of the past 12 months, so savings may reach the bill later than expected.

221.50THB per kW per month2026
IN-04APEA on-peak energy charge, type 4 large general service, TOU rate, 22 to 33 kV (excl. Ft and VAT)Large factory or business cuts electricity use in peak hours
4.2 อัตราตามช่วงเวลาของการใช้ (Time of Use Rate : TOU) ค่าความต้องการพลังไฟฟ้า ค่าพลังงานไฟฟ้า ค่าบริการ (บาท/กิโลวัตต์) (บาท/หน่วย) (บาท/เดือน) Peak Peak Off Peak 4.2.1 แรงดันตั้งแต่ 69 กิโลโวลท์ขึ้นไป 74.14 4.1025 2.5849 312.24 4.2.2 แรงดัน 22 – 33 กิโลโวลท์ 132.93 4.1839 2.6037 312.24

Source [55], p. 4 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Peak is 09:00 to 22:00 on weekdays, except regular public holidays and Labour Day. Applies to customers with peak demand of 1,000 kW or more, or above 250,000 kWh a month (three-month average), and equals the TOU rate of types 3.2 and 5.1 at the same voltage. The rate is 4.1025 baht at 69 kV and above and 4.3297 baht below 22 kV; add Ft and VAT.

4.1839THB per kWh2026
IN-05APEA off-peak energy charge, type 4 large general service, TOU rate, 22 to 33 kV (excl. Ft and VAT)Large factory or business saves electricity off-peak, or shifts load to off-peak hours
4.2 อัตราตามช่วงเวลาของการใช้ (Time of Use Rate : TOU) ค่าความต้องการพลังไฟฟ้า ค่าพลังงานไฟฟ้า ค่าบริการ (บาท/กิโลวัตต์) (บาท/หน่วย) (บาท/เดือน) Peak Peak Off Peak 4.2.1 แรงดันตั้งแต่ 69 กิโลโวลท์ขึ้นไป 74.14 4.1025 2.5849 312.24 4.2.2 แรงดัน 22 – 33 กิโลโวลท์ 132.93 4.1839 2.6037 312.24

Source [55], p. 4 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Off-peak is 22:00 to 09:00 on weekdays and all day on Saturdays, Sundays, Labour Day and regular public holidays (not substitution days). Moving one kWh from peak to off-peak at this voltage cuts the energy charge by 1.5802 baht (4.1839 minus 2.6037), before any change in the demand charge, Ft and VAT.

2.6037THB per kWh2026
IN-06AAutomatic tariff adjustment charge (Ft), September to December 2026 billsElectricity customer saves one kWh (the Ft part added to the base tariff)
สูตรการปรับอัตราค่าไฟฟ้าโดยอัตโนมัติ (Ft) ประจำเดือนกันยายน – ธันวาคม 2569 ตามมติคณะกรรมการกำกับกิจการพลังงาน เมื่อวันที่ 22 กรกฎาคม 2569 ค่า Ft หน่วยละ 0.1623 บาท หรือ 16.23 สตางค์ (ยังไม่รวมภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม)

Source [56], p. 1 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Add this to the base energy charge of any tariff before VAT. The Energy Regulatory Commission approved it on 22 July 2026 and Ft changes every four months, so check the period in force before use. It is below cost: EGAT still carries accumulated costs, and 16,127.17 million baht of surplus was used to bring Ft down from a cost-reflective 41.27 satang.

0.1623THB per kWh2026
IN-07AMWA water charge, type 2 (business, government, state enterprise, industry and others), use above 200 cubic metres a month (excl. VAT)Business, factory or public agency in the MWA service area uses less tap water
121-160 13.47 121-160 15.16 161-200 13.80 161-200 15.49 มากกว่า 200 14.45 มากกว่า 200 15.81 หมายเหตุ ไม่รวมภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม (Vat not included)

Source [57] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The tariff rises in blocks from 9.50 baht (0 to 10 cubic metres, minimum 90 baht) to 15.81 baht (above 200), so this figure suits water saved by large users. It excludes VAT and the monthly meter fee (25 to 5,000 baht by meter size). The rates have applied since December 1999 and only in Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan.

15.81THB per cubic metre2026
IN-08AAverage workers' compensation per compensated employee, 2024 (annual compensation expense divided by employees compensated)A worker avoids a work injury or illness, so no workers' compensation is paid
ทุพพลภาพ ตายหรือสูญหายเนื่องจากการทำงาน จำนวน 87,753 ราย ... งบแสดงผลการดำเนินงานทางการเงิน สำหรับปีสิ้นสุดวันที่ 31 ธันวาคม 2567 (หน่วย : บาท) ... ค่าใช้จ่าย เงินทดแทน 19 2,251,866,455.39 2,177,765,802.52

Source [58], p. 27 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 2,251,866,455.39 (2024 compensation expense, p. 27) ÷ 87,753 employees compensated in 2024 (p. 7)

Note Compensation covers medical care, monthly compensation, funeral grants and rehabilitation. The year's expense includes continuing payments to people injured in earlier years (lifetime disability pensions, ten-year death payments), so it is not the cost of 2024 injuries as such. The average hides a wide range between cases with up to three days off and deaths or disability, and leaves out earnings lost beyond the compensation.

25,661.42THB per compensated employee2024
IN-09AFuneral grant paid by the Workmen's Compensation Fund when an employee dies or goes missing because of workA work-related death is prevented (the funeral grant part)
ถึงแก่ความตายหรือสูญหายจ่าย 10 ปี และค่าทำศพ ค่าทำศพ 50,000 บาท ตามที่กำหนดในกฎกระทรวง

Source [58], p. 15 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A rate set by ministerial regulation, read from the Fund's 2024 annual report. It is paid by the employer-financed fund and is only one part of the cost avoided, not the value of a life; see CM-12 for the value of a statistical life.

50,000THB per death2024
IN-10AMaximum monthly compensation from the Workmen's Compensation Fund (70% of monthly wage, capped at 14,000 baht)A worker avoids time off work after a work injury, so no income replacement is needed
ค่าทดแทนรายเดือน ค่าทดแทนร้อยละ 70 ของค่าจ้างรายเดือน ไม่เกิน 14,000 บาทต่อเดือน (ค่าจ้างสูงสุด 20,000 บาท) แพทย์ให้หยุดพักรักษาตัว ตั้งแต่วันแรกรวมไม่เกิน 1 ปี

Source [58], p. 15 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Paid at 70% of wages up to 20,000 baht for up to one year of medically certified leave. Use it as a ceiling and take 70% of the actual wage for lower-paid workers. It is a transfer; the worker still loses the other 30% of earnings.

14,000THB per person per month (ceiling)2024
IN-11ATransfer ceiling: maximum death compensation over 10 years (14,000 baht a month for 120 months)A work-related death is prevented (the compensation paid to dependants)
ค่าทดแทนร้อยละ 70 ของค่าจ้างรายเดือน ไม่เกิน 14,000 บาทต่อเดือน (ค่าจ้างสูงสุด 20,000 บาท) ... ถึงแก่ความตายหรือสูญหายจ่าย 10 ปี และค่าทำศพ

Source [58], p. 15 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 14,000 baht a month × 12 months × 10 years

Note An undiscounted ceiling that excludes the 50,000 baht funeral grant; dependants of workers earning under 20,000 baht receive less. It is a transfer from an employer-financed fund, not the value of a life.

1,680,000THB per death (ceiling, over 10 years)2024
IN-12AWork injury and illness rate per 1,000 employees, all severities, 2025Baseline: the chance that an employee is injured or made ill by work in a year
ปี 2564 - 2568 อัตราการประสบอันตรายต่อลูกจ้าง 1,000 ราย (รวมทุกกรณีความรุนแรง) มีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นเฉลี่ยร้อยละ 1.55 ต่อปี โดยปี 2564 อัตราการประสบอันตราย เท่ากับ 7.00 รายต่อ 1,000 ราย และเพิ่มขึ้นอยู่ที่อัตรา 7.41 รายต่อ 1,000 ราย ในปี 2568

Source [59], p. 7 · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use it to estimate the injuries a safety project could prevent, then multiply by a cost per case. It is the year's injuries divided by employees covered by the Workmen's Compensation Fund at year end, so it leaves out informal workers and counts only claimed cases. It averages all industries, whose rates differ widely.

7.41cases per 1,000 employees per year2025
IN-13ASerious work injury rate per 1,000 employees (death, disability, partial loss of organs, more than three days off work), 2025Baseline: the chance that an employee suffers a serious work injury in a year
สำหรับ อัตราการประสบอันตรายต่อลูกจ้าง 1,000 ราย (กรณีร้ายแรง) มีแนวโน้ม ลดลง เฉลี่ยร้อยละ 4.63 ต่อปี โดยปี 2564 อัตราการประสบอันตราย เท่ากับ 2.19 รายต่อ 1,000 ราย และลดลง อยู่ที่อัตรา 1.76 รายต่อ 1,000 ราย ในปี 2568

Source [59], p. 7 · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Serious cases are deaths, disability, partial loss of organs and more than three days off work. Pair it with a cost per serious case. It covers only employees in the Workmen's Compensation Fund and claimed cases, averaged over all industries.

1.76cases per 1,000 employees per year2025
IN-14AValue added as a share of sales, all manufacturing, 2024Sales of all manufacturing rise, converted to economic value added
ตารางที่ 2.4 : ตัวชี้วัดผลประกอบการของภาคอุตสาหกรรมการผลิต ตัวชี้วัด 2567 2566 ... สัดส่วนมูลค่าเพิ่มต่อยอดขาย (ร้อยละ) 24.18 23.98

Source [60], p. 21 · Method: Conversion factor · Percentage, not a money value · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Use it to turn extra sales into value added so that sales are not counted in full as a benefit. OIE takes value added as sales (plus the change in finished-goods stock) less materials, packaging, fuel and energy, water, repairs, subcontracting, agency-labour fees, goods bought for resale, interest paid and all selling and administrative costs, then adds back sales and administrative staff pay, rent, bad debts and exchange losses (pp. 10 to 11), so it differs from national-accounts value added, for example by deducting interest. It is an average from the RG9 survey of 3,328 factories covering 70.1% of manufacturing sales.

24.18percent of sales2024
IN-15AValue added as a share of sales, small manufacturers, 2024Sales of small manufacturers rise, converted to economic value added
ตารางที่ 2.5 : ตัวชี้วัดที่สำคัญของภาคอุตสาหกรรมในกรณีจำแนกตามขนาดกิจการ ใหญ่ (L) กลาง (M) เล็ก (S) ตัวชี้วัด 2567 2566 2567 2566 2567 2566 ... สัดส่วนมูลค่าเพิ่มต่อยอดขาย (ร้อยละ) 23.14 23.03 29.34 29.59 36.03 35.53

Source [60], p. 27 · Method: Conversion factor · Percentage, not a money value · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Use it to turn extra sales into value added so that sales are not counted in full as a benefit. OIE takes value added as sales (plus the change in finished-goods stock) less materials, packaging, fuel and energy, water, repairs, subcontracting, agency-labour fees, goods bought for resale, interest paid and all selling and administrative costs, then adds back sales and administrative staff pay, rent, bad debts and exchange losses (pp. 10 to 11), so it differs from national-accounts value added, for example by deducting interest. It is an average from the RG9 factory survey (922 of 3,328 firms in this group), with firm size set by the report's grouping by employment and revenue.

36.03percent of sales2024
IN-16AValue added as a share of sales, medium-sized manufacturers, 2024Sales of medium-sized manufacturers rise, converted to economic value added
ตารางที่ 2.5 : ตัวชี้วัดที่สำคัญของภาคอุตสาหกรรมในกรณีจำแนกตามขนาดกิจการ ใหญ่ (L) กลาง (M) เล็ก (S) ตัวชี้วัด 2567 2566 2567 2566 2567 2566 ... สัดส่วนมูลค่าเพิ่มต่อยอดขาย (ร้อยละ) 23.14 23.03 29.34 29.59 36.03 35.53

Source [60], p. 27 · Method: Conversion factor · Percentage, not a money value · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Use it to turn extra sales into value added so that sales are not counted in full as a benefit. OIE takes value added as sales (plus the change in finished-goods stock) less materials, packaging, fuel and energy, water, repairs, subcontracting, agency-labour fees, goods bought for resale, interest paid and all selling and administrative costs, then adds back sales and administrative staff pay, rent, bad debts and exchange losses (pp. 10 to 11), so it differs from national-accounts value added, for example by deducting interest. It is an average from the RG9 factory survey (761 of 3,328 firms in this group), with firm size set by the report's grouping by employment and revenue.

29.34percent of sales2024
Digital and e-government (10)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
DI-01BCheapest fixed-broadband plan meeting ITU's 5 GB basket from the operator ITU used as representative, 2025, including VATA household or business has a fixed broadband connection
FixedBB: Thailand | 2.542624699433709 | 15.724723949598069 | 48.779526444795046 | Advanced Info Service Public Company Limited | 300 | Unlimited | FTTH | 0 | 7. GNI: Thailand | 20998.773 | GNI data year: 2024. In Thai baht.

Source [61] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 2.5426247% of monthly GNI per capita × THB 20,998.773 ÷ 100 = THB 533.92

Note AIS 300 Mbps unlimited FTTH plan in ITU's 2025 price collection, about THB 499 before 7% VAT. Use it as the market price of one month of home broadband. It is one operator's cheapest qualifying plan, not the average bill households actually pay.

533.92THB per connection per month2025
DI-02BCheapest data-only mobile broadband plan meeting ITU's 5 GB basket, 2025, including VATA person has mobile internet access
MobileBB: Thailand | 0.6095594125103289 | 3.769786982223091 | 11.694222701778855 | TRUE MOVE H UNIVERSAL COMMUNICATION CO.,LTD | 10 | 7 | 3G / 4G. GNI: Thailand | 20998.773 | GNI data year: 2024. In Thai baht.

Source [61] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 0.6095594% of monthly GNI per capita × THB 20,998.773 ÷ 100 = THB 128.00

Note TrueMove H plan with 10 GB a month (3G/4G) in ITU's 2025 price collection. Use it as the market price of one month of mobile internet per person, for example when a project gives or subsidises data SIMs. It is one operator's cheapest qualifying plan, not the average bill users actually pay.

128.00THB per person per month2025
DI-03BCheapest mobile plan meeting ITU's low-consumption basket (70 minutes, 50 SMS, 1 GB a month), 2025, including VATA person has a basic mobile plan with calls and data
MobileDataVoice_low: Thailand | 1.1010166888467814 | 6.809177736640458 | 21.122689755088057 | TRUE MOVE H UNIVERSAL COMMUNICATION CO.,LTD | 70 | 50 | 4 | 7. GNI: Thailand | 20998.773 | GNI data year: 2024. In Thai baht.

Source [61] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 1.1010167% of monthly GNI per capita × THB 20,998.773 ÷ 100 = THB 231.20

Note TrueMove H plan (70 minutes, 50 SMS, 4 GB) in ITU's 2025 price collection. Use it as the market price of one month of basic mobile service. In the same file the high-consumption basket (140 minutes, 5 GB) works out at THB 227.80, slightly less, so do not read this as a floor price for light use.

231.20THB per person per month2025
DI-04AAverage household spending on communication per month, Household Socio-Economic Survey 2025A household has access to communication services (phone and internet)
ค่าใช้จ่ายอุปโภคบริโภค 19,482 บาท แบ่งตามหมวดค่าใช้จ่าย ดังนี้ ... ค่าใช้จ่ายการสื่อสาร 818 บาท

Source [19], p. 24 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Average over all households nationwide, from Figure 3.5 in section 3.3.5. Use it as what households actually spend on communication, for example when a project replaces a paid service with free internet. It is the whole communication category, which the report does not itemise, not internet alone, and an average that varies widely with income. Multiply by 12 for a year.

818THB per household per month2025
DI-05BCost to the Bank of Thailand and banks of handling cash per cash transaction (2017 estimate)A payment moves from cash to e-payment
We propose an estimate on the cost of cash to be 1.26 baht per transaction, or 0.34 baht per note usage.

Source [62], p. 16 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Covers the Bank of Thailand's and banks' production, logistics, operating and holding costs of cash in 2017, not people's time or travel. The authors call it a guesstimate and put an electronic transfer at THB 0.46 per transaction (page 18), which should be deducted to get the net saving. A discussion paper, not a journal article.

1.26THB per transaction2017
DI-06DPaper cost avoided per trade document: about THB 1.12 to prepare, 0.12 to store and 20 to sendA business replaces paper trade documents (invoices, tax invoices, receipts) with electronic ones
ตัวอย่างการลดต้นทุน ต่อเอกสารการค้า 1 ใบ* เช่น ใบแจ้งหนี้ ใบกำกับภาษี และใบเสร็จรับเงิน ... จัดทำเอกสาร ~ 1.12 บาท ... จัดเก็บเอกสาร ~ 0.12 บาท ... จัดส่งเอกสาร ~ 20 บาท ... การใช้เอกสารการค้าอิเล็กทรอนิกส์มีต้นทุน ประมาณ 21.24 บาท ต่อ 1 รายการ หากมีเอกสารการค้า 1,000 รายการ/เดือน สามารถลดต้นทุนได้ถึงประมาณ 254,880 บาท ต่อปี

Source [63], p. 2 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note An illustrative estimate by the Bank of Thailand drawing on ETDA, the Revenue Department and an e-Tax invoice provider, with no base year given. One sentence says e-documents 'cost' about THB 21.24, but the panel is headed as an example of cost reduction, 21.24 is the sum of the three paper costs, and 21.24 × 12,000 documents gives the THB 254,880 a year it calls a saving, so it is the paper cost avoided. It does not deduct the cost of an e-document service, and delivery (THB 20) is most of it, so use the full value only for documents that used to be posted or couriered.

21.24THB per document2023
DI-07DAverage reported loss per online crime case, 2025 (total loss divided by cases)A person avoids losing money to an online scam or cybercrime
ตั้งแต่วันที่ 1 มกราคม - 31 ธันวาคม ปี 2568 โดยจำนวนคดีตลอดปี 2568 มีมากถึง 380,378 เรื่อง เฉลี่ย 1,045 คดีต่อวัน มีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นจากปี 2567 รวมมูลค่าความเสียหาย 25,195,936,027 บาท เฉลี่ย 69 ล้านบาทต่อวัน

Source [64] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 25,195,936,027 ÷ 380,378 cases

Note Use it as the loss avoided when one online scam is prevented. A police figure read from a news report, not the agency's own release. Reported cases only, with no deduction for funds frozen or recovered, and a few very large cases can pull the average well above a typical victim's loss.

66,239.20THB per reported case2025
DI-08BAbout 12.6% higher labour productivity per one-point rise in the digital adoption score (World Bank Enterprise Survey Thailand 2025)A firm adopts one more digital practice, such as a website, online tax filing or a higher share of payments received electronically
The aggregate Digital Total Score is positively associated with labor productivity (β = 0.119, p < 0.01), equivalent to a 12.6 percent difference per one-point increase.

Source [65], p. 1 · Method: Revealed preference · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A percentage, not baht. The 0–8 score gives one point per practice (website, broadband, online tax filing, at least 25, 50 and 75 percent of payments received electronically and so on). Productivity is sales per full-time employee, not value added. Use: the firm's baseline sales per employee × 0.126 per extra point. A cross-sectional association across 796 firms, not a causal effect, and stronger in smaller firms, so apply generous deadweight.

12.6% of labour productivity per one-point rise in the digital score2025
DI-09DETDA's 4-day Digital Service Auditor Program course fee, standard rate including VAT, 2025A person completes specialised professional digital training, such as auditing digital services
การตรวจประเมินเพื่อรับรองระบบควบคุมการประชุมผ่านสื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์ (e-Meeting) 2 9-12 มิ.ย. 68 โรงแรมเซ็นทารา ไลฟ์ ศูนย์ราชการและคอนเวนชันเซ็นเตอร์ แจ้งวัฒนะ ปกติ 18,000 บาท Early Bird 15,000 บาท (รวม vat แล้ว)

Source [66] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note One provider's price (a state agency) for a digital-service auditor course, THB 4,500 a day. Use it as the market price only for comparable professional training, not for basic digital literacy courses, which are usually free. The July 2025 EDSP course has the same fee; a one-day course in December 2024 cost THB 5,000.

18,000THB per person per 4-day course2025
DI-10DNet Pracharat fibre network budget per villageA remote village gets a fibre broadband link
มติคณะรัฐมนตรี เมื่อวันที่ 7 ธ.ค.2559 ให้กระทรวงดิจิทัลเพื่อเศรษฐกิจและสังคม ดำเนินโครงการเน็ตประชารัฐ ภายในวงเงินงบประมาณ 13,000 ล้านบาท โดยการวางโครงข่ายเคเบิลใยแก้วนำแสงไปยังหมู่บ้านในพื้นที่ห่างไกล หรือโซนซี จำนวน 24,700 หมู่บ้าน ใช้งบ 9,847 ล้านบาท

Source [67] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 9,847 million ÷ 24,700 villages

Note Use it as the replacement cost of bringing a fibre link to a remote village, not as the value villagers receive. A budget ceiling from the Cabinet resolution of 7 December 2016, not actual spending, excluding operation and maintenance, and the report does not say whether the Free Wi-Fi points are included. Read from a news report, not an agency document, and the State Audit Office found Free Wi-Fi use fell short of the project's aims.

≈ 398,664THB per village (one-off capital cost)2016
Agriculture, food and rural livelihoods (40)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
AG-01ANet cash income per farm householdFarm household income maintained or raised
รายได้เงินสดสุทธิของครัวเรือนเกษตรในปี 2567 อยู่ที่ 308,294 บาท เพิ่มขึ้นร้อยละ 1.90 จากปี 2566

Source [68], p. 1 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A national average for the baseline, not an outcome. Value the extra income the project brings, net of deadweight.

308,294THB per household per year2024
AG-02AAverage net cash income of farm households, farm and non-farm, 2025Farm household net cash income (baseline)
รายได้เงินสดสุทธิของครัวเรือนเกษตรเฉลี่ย 318,230 บาทต่อครัวเรือนต่อปี ซึ่งเป็นรายได้ที่ครัวเรือน

Source [69], p. 66 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note OAE preliminary survey result for 2025, national average. Use it as a baseline, not as an outcome value: value only the extra income the project brings, net of deadweight.

318,230THB per household per year2025
AG-03AAverage farm cash expenditure per farm household, 2025Farm household spends less cash on farming (baseline)
รายจ่ายเงินสดทางการเกษตรเฉลี่ย 154,656 บาทต่อครัวเรือนต่อปี เพิ่มขึ้นร้อยละ 0.82 โดยเป็น

Source [69], p. 66 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Split into crops THB 111,054, livestock and aquaculture THB 24,828 and other THB 18,774. A baseline for the share of costs a project saves, not an outcome value in itself. Preliminary survey result.

154,656THB per household per year2025
AG-04AAverage net farm cash income per farm household, 2025Farm household net farm income (baseline)
รายได้เงินสดสุทธิทางการเกษตรเฉลี่ย 84,779 บาทต่อครัวเรือนต่อปี เพิ่มขึ้นร้อยละ 1.98

Source [69], p. 66 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Farm cash income of THB 239,435 less farm cash expenditure, excluding off-farm income. Preliminary survey result, for use as a baseline.

84,779THB per household per year2025
AG-05BAverage total cost of main-season rice, sample of conventional farmers, 2024/25 crop yearMain-season rice production cost (baseline)
เกษตรกรทั่วไปมีต้นทุนการผลิตข้าวนาปีรวม 4,644.06 บาทต่อไร่

Source [70], p. 5 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note From an OAE study that interviewed 267 conventional farmers in 37 provinces, not OAE's official cost-of-production statistics, hence grade B. Includes non-cash costs. Yield 535.31 kg per rai, price THB 11.03 per kg. A baseline cost of main-season rice for conventional farmers.

4,644.06THB per rai2024
AG-06BCost saving per rai, soil-test-based fertiliser vs conventionalLower rice production cost from soil-test-based fertiliser use
เกษตรกรที่ใช้ปุ๋ยตามค่าวิเคราะห์ดิน มีต้นทุนการผลิตรวมเฉลี่ย 4,400.78 บาทต่อไร่ ต่ำกว่าเกษตรกรทั่วไปที่มีต้นทุนการผลิตรวมเฉลี่ย 4,644.06 บาทต่อไร่ หรือคิดเป็นร้อยละ 5.24

Source [70], p. 76 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 4,644.06 − 4,400.78 per rai

Note The total cost gap (5.24%) between conventional farmers and members of community soil and fertiliser centres using soil-test-based fertiliser, 267 farmers each, from an OAE study. The groups were not randomised, so adjust for attribution. For programmes promoting soil-tested fertiliser in rice.

243.28THB per rai per season2024
AG-07BProfit gain per rai, soil-test-based vs conventional, main-season riceHigher rice profit from soil-test-based fertiliser management
ปุ๋ยตามค่าวิเคราะห์ดินมีผลตอบแทนสุทธิ (กำไร) เฉลี่ย 1,705.10 บาทต่อไร่ หรือ 3.08 บาทต่อกิโ ลกรัม สูงกว่าเกษตรกรทั่วไปที่ได้รับผลตอบแทนสุทธิ (กำไร) เฉลี่ย 1,260.41 บาทต่อไร่ หรือ 2.35 บาทต่อกิโลกรัม

Source [70], p. 76 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 1,705.10 − 1,260.41 per rai

Note Already includes the cost saving in AG-06, so never add the two. Averages from non-randomised samples in an OAE study, not a controlled trial, so adjust for attribution.

444.69THB per rai per season2024
AG-08AFarm-gate price of white paddy at 15% moisture (weekly average, 1-7 June 2026)Additional or saved paddy output
ข้าวเปลือกเจ้าความชื้น 15% สัปดาห์นี้เฉลี่ยตันละ 7,420 บาท ราคาลดลงจากตันละ 7,477 บาท

Source [71], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Weekly average for 1–7 June 2026. Prices move weekly, so use a yearly average or the harvest-season price in the project area.

7,420THB per tonne2026
AG-09AFarm-gate price of main-crop Hom Mali (jasmine) paddy (weekly average, 1-7 June 2026)Additional jasmine paddy output
ข้าวเปลือกเจ้านาปีหอมมะลิ สัปดาห์นี้เฉลี่ยตันละ 16,290 บาท ราคาสูงขึ้นจากตันละ 16,189 บาท

Source [71], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Week of 1–7 June 2026, outside the harvest season; compare with November–December prices.

16,290THB per tonne2026
AG-10AFarm-gate price of fresh cassava roots (weekly average, 1-7 June 2026)Additional cassava output
ราคาที่เกษตรกรขายได้ทั้งประเทศประจำสัปดาห์ สรุปได้ดังนี้ ราคาหัวมันสำปะหลังสด สัปดาห์นี้เฉลี่ยกิโลกรัมละ 2.61 บาท ราคาเพิ่มขึ้นจากกิโลกรัมละ 2.60 บาท

Source [71], p. 5 · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Week of 1–7 June 2026. The price depends on starch content; use a price from the same period as the outcome.

2.61THB per kg2026
AG-11AFarm-gate price of feed maize at no more than 14.5% moisture (weekly average, 1-7 June 2026)Additional feed maize output
ราคาข้าวโพดที่เกษตรกรขายได้ความชื้นไม่เกิน 14.5% สัปดาห์นี้เฉลี่ยกิโลกรัมละ 8.45 สูงขึ้น จากกิโลกรัมละ 8.44 บาท ของสัปดาห์ก่อนร้อยละ 0.12

Source [71], p. 4 · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Week of 1–7 June 2026. Prices vary by season.

8.45THB per kg2026
AG-12DInitial cane price 2025/26 season at 10 CCSAdditional sugarcane output
ราคาอ้อยขั้นต้น ที่ระดับคุณภาพความหวาน 10 CCS ในอัตรา 890 บาทต่อตันอ้อย

Source [72] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Initial price set by the cabinet on 10 February 2026, not the final price. Adjusts by THB 53.40 per CCS unit. Read from the Public Relations Department Region 4 page, which republishes the Government House release; the Government House page could not be opened, hence grade D.

890THB per tonne of cane2026
AG-13DUnsmoked rubber sheet price, Sept 2026 averageAdditional rubber output
ราคายางแผ่นดิบ อยู่ที่ 82.21 บาทต่อกิโลกรัม

Source [73] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The article, citing the Rubber Authority of Thailand, puts the September 2026 average 40.9% above September of the previous year, so it is not a long-run price; test sensitivity. It does not say which market the price is from. Ribbed smoked sheet no. 3 in the same article is THB 84.62 per kg.

82.21THB per kg2026
AG-14AAverage end-of-year debt per farm household, 2025Farm household debt reduced (baseline)
ขนาดหนี้สินปลายปีเฉลี่ย 245,285 บาทต่อครัวเรือนต่อปี ลดลงร้อยละ 1.89 พบว่าหนี้สินของครัวเรือน มากกว่าร้อยละ 95.16 เป็นสินเชื่อในระบบ

Source [69], p. 66 · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note A stock of debt, not a yearly burden. Over 95.16% is formal credit and over 57.40% was borrowed for farm production. To value debt reduction, use the interest saved or the actual fall in debt among participants. Preliminary survey result.

245,285THB per household2025
AG-15AFarm-gate price of live pigs of 100 kg and over, 2025 averageAdditional pig output, or pigs saved from disease
สุกรมีชีวิตน้ำหนัก 100 กก. ขึ้นไป 73.14 99.46 77.99 68.90 73.71 6.97 2.30

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). Prices swing widely (THB 99.46 in 2022, THB 68.90 in 2024), so test sensitivity, and deduct the fattening cost for a net value.

73.71THB per kg2025
AG-16AFarm-gate price of live broilers, 2025 averageAdditional broiler output
ไก่รุ่นพันธุ์เนื้อ 34.87 44.00 43.52 40.57 41.99 3.50 4.04

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). Price per kg of live broilers aged about 35-45 days and weighing 1.90-2.40 kg, as the report defines it. Deduct the production cost for a net value.

41.99THB per kg2025
AG-17AFarm-gate price of mixed-grade hen eggs, 2025 averageAdditional eggs, for example from community or school layer projects
ไข่ไก่คละ (บาท/ฟอง) 2.83 3.28 3.56 3.67 3.48 -5.12 4.55

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). A farm-gate price. If the eggs replace eggs the household would have bought, the retail price is higher; choose the price that matches the outcome.

3.48THB per egg2025
AG-18AFarm-gate price of a medium beef animal (350-450 kg), 2025 averageAdditional beef cattle, or cattle saved from disease
โคเนื้อขนาดกลาง (บาท/ตัว) 33,790.25 34,921.50 32,437.50 29,034.25 22,722.33 -21.74 -6.52

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). Prices have fallen steadily from THB 34,921.50 in 2022, so use a multi-year average or test sensitivity.

22,722.33THB per head2025
AG-19AFarm-gate price of raw milk, 2025 averageAdditional raw milk output
น้ำนมดิบ 18.13 18.42 19.46 20.95 21.11 0.78 3.10

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). The average price farmers actually received, not the reference price announced by the Milk Board.

21.11THB per kg2025
AG-20AFarm-gate price of whiteleg shrimp, 70 per kg size, 2025 averageAdditional farmed whiteleg shrimp, or shrimp saved from loss
กุ้งขาวแวนนาไม (70 ตัว/กก.) 140.08 152.25 127.25 130.75 145.42 11.22 1.25

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). The price depends on size, with larger shrimp fetching more; use the size the project actually produces.

145.42THB per kg2025
AG-21AFarm-gate price of oil palm fresh fruit bunches, 2025 averageAdditional oil palm output
ปาล์มน้ำมันทั้งทะลาย 6.50 7.89 5.29 5.67 6.13 8.20 11.17

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). Moves with the crude palm oil price (THB 5.29 in 2023), so test sensitivity.

6.13THB per kg2025
AG-22AFarm-gate price of Monthong durian, mixed grade, 2025 averageAdditional durian output, or durian meeting the quality standard
ทุเรียนพันธุ์หมอนทองคละ 113.98 103.35 98.07 122.07 88.91 -27.17 -1.11

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). The 2025 price is 27.17% below 2024 (THB 122.07). Prices depend on grade and timing, so test sensitivity.

88.91THB per kg2025
AG-23AFarm-gate price of unsmoked rubber sheet grade 3, 2025 annual averageAdditional natural rubber output
ยางแผ่นดิบชั้น 3 51.97 51.67 45.77 68.94 59.17 -14.17 8.07

Source [69], p. 55 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). An official annual average, better suited to long-run projections than the monthly price in AG-13 (September 2026). OAE's 2025 commodity report prints THB 60,720 per tonne (THB 60.72 per kg) for the same year.

59.17THB per kg2025
AG-24APrice of Nile tilapia sold at the Bangkok Fish Market, 2025Additional farmed Nile tilapia
ปลานิล 50 50 60 50 50 Nile tilapia

Source [74], p. 179 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 8.8, 2025 column (the fifth). The price at the Bangkok Fish Market, not the pond-side price farmers receive, which may be lower. The figure was THB 50 in four of the five years shown, so treat it as a rough reference.

50THB per kg2025
AG-25AAverage production cost of cassava, 2025Cassava production cost (baseline)
5. ต้นทุนการผลิต (บาท/ตัน) 1,970 2,081 2,130

Source [75], p. 24 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third). The same page gives a farm-gate price of THB 1,810 per tonne for mixed fresh roots and a net return of THB -320 per tonne. For a cost per rai, multiply by the project area's yield in tonnes per rai (preliminary 2025 national average 3,169 kg, or 3.169 tonnes, per rai).

2,130THB per tonne2025
AG-26AAverage production cost of feed maize, crop year 2025/26Feed maize production cost (baseline)
5. ต้นทุนการผลิต (บาท/ตัน) 7,130 6,850 6,760

Source [75], p. 22 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Crop year 2025/26 column, which the document says stands for 2025. The same page gives a farm-gate price (14.5% moisture) of THB 7,690 per tonne and a net return of THB 930 per tonne. For a cost per rai, multiply by the local yield in tonnes per rai (national forecast as of March 2026: 803 kg, or 0.803 tonnes, per rai).

6,760THB per tonne2025
AG-27DAverage production cost of sugarcane, 2024/25 seasonSugarcane production cost (baseline)
5. ต้นทุนการผลิต (บาท/ตัน) 1/ 1,122 1,203 1,202

Source [75], p. 26 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Data from the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board; the 2024/25 season column, which the document says stands for 2025. Farm-gate price THB 1,119 per tonne, net return THB -83 per tonne, average yield 9,560 kg per rai. Graded D because it is the Board's figure read from OAE's compendium, not from the Board's own publication.

1,202THB per tonne2025
AG-28AAverage production cost of unsmoked rubber sheet, 2025Natural rubber production cost (baseline)
6. ต้นทุนการผลิตยางแผ่นดิบ (บาท/ตัน) 64,330 63,860 63,180

Source [75], p. 38 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third), equal to THB 63.18 per kg. The same page gives THB 60,720 per tonne for grade 3 sheet and a net return of THB -2,460 per tonne; forecast average yield 216 kg per tapped rai.

63,180THB per tonne2025
AG-29AAverage production cost of oil palm, 2025Oil palm production cost (baseline)
6. ต้นทุนการผลิต (บาท/ตัน) 3,150 3,080 3,010

Source [75], p. 40 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third). The same page gives a farm-gate price of THB 6,090 per tonne for fresh fruit bunches of 15 kg and over and a net return of THB 3,080 per tonne; forecast average yield 3,281 kg per rai.

3,010THB per tonne2025
AG-30AAverage production cost of durian, 2025Durian production cost (baseline)
6. ต้นทุนการผลิต (บาท/ตัน) 28,240 33,560 31,990

Source [75], p. 52 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third). The same page gives THB 88,910 per tonne for mixed-grade Monthong and a net return of THB 56,920 per tonne; preliminary average yield 1,220 kg per rai. Costs vary widely with orchard age and region.

31,990THB per tonne2025
AG-31AProduction cost of fattening pigs per kg live weight, 2025Pig fattening cost (baseline)
4. ต้นทุนการผลิตสุกรขุน (บาท/กก.) 88.06 75.56 76.26

Source [75], p. 82 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third). The same page gives THB 73.69 per kg for pigs of 100 kg and over and a net return of THB -2.57 per kg. Pair it with the price to get the net value of extra output.

76.26THB per kg2025
AG-32DBroiler production cost per kg in closed housing, 2025Broiler production cost (baseline)
6. ต้นทุนการผลิตระบบโรงเรือนปิด (บาท/กก.) 38.43 42.37 42.33

Source [75], p. 84 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third). Cost from the broiler production and marketing working group, for closed housing rather than smallholder flocks. The same page gives a price of THB 41.97 per kg and a net return of THB -0.36 per kg. Graded D because it is the working group's figure read from OAE's compendium, not a statistic OAE compiles itself.

42.33THB per kg2025
AG-33AEgg production cost per egg in closed housing, 2025Egg production cost (baseline)
4 . ต้นทุนการผลิตระบบโรงเรือนปิด (บาท/ฟอง) 3.67 3.53 3.26

Source [75], p. 86 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third), for closed housing; household or school flocks may cost more or less. The same page gives THB 3.63 per egg for size 3 and a net return of THB 0.37 per egg.

3.26THB per egg2025
AG-34AProduction cost of raw milk per kg, 2025Raw milk production cost (baseline)
5. ต้นทุนการผลิต (บาท/กก.) 17.94 17.16 15.98

Source [75], p. 90 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third), preliminary. The same page gives a farm-gate price of THB 21.11 per kg and a net return of THB 5.13 per kg.

15.98THB per kg2025
AG-35AProduction cost of farmed whiteleg shrimp per kg, 2025Whiteleg shrimp farming cost (baseline)
5. ต้นทุนการผลิต กุ้งขาวแวนนาไม (บาท/กก.) 129.09 128.83 126.20

Source [75], p. 94 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note 2025 column (the third). The same page gives THB 144.83 per kg for 70-per-kg shrimp and a net return of THB 18.63 per kg. Cost per kg depends on harvest size and survival rate.

126.20THB per kg2025
AG-36ABangkok wholesale price of 46-0-0 (urea) fertiliser, 2025 averageFarmer uses less chemical fertiliser (urea)
46-0-0 15,386 26,854 17,934 15,895 16,392 3.13 17.03

Source [69], p. 61 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 5.2, 2025 column (the fifth); OAE data compiled with the Department of Internal Trade. A Bangkok wholesale price; retail prices in the provinces are higher. A 50 kg sack is 1/20 of a tonne.

16,392THB per tonne2025
AG-37ABangkok wholesale price of 16-20-0 fertiliser, 2025 averageFarmer uses less chemical fertiliser (a common rice formula)
16-20-0 13,569 22,168 19,500 17,453 17,672 1.26 11.59

Source [69], p. 61 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 5.2, 2025 column (the fifth); OAE data compiled with the Department of Internal Trade. A Bangkok wholesale price; retail prices in the provinces are higher. A 50 kg sack is 1/20 of a tonne.

17,672THB per tonne2025
AG-38ABangkok wholesale price of 15-15-15 fertiliser, 2025 averageFarmer uses less chemical fertiliser (balanced NPK)
15-15-15 16,536 26,001 23,639 21,697 21,883 0.86 10.07

Source [69], p. 61 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Table 5.2, 2025 column (the fifth); OAE data compiled with the Department of Internal Trade. A Bangkok wholesale price; retail prices in the provinces are higher. A 50 kg sack is 1/20 of a tonne.

21,883THB per tonne2025
AG-39APEA energy charge, tariff 7.1 agricultural water pumping, units above 100 per monthLower electricity cost of farm water pumping, for example after switching to efficient or solar pumps
เกิน 100 หน่วยขึ้นไป (หน่วยที่ 101 เป็นต้นไป) 3.2405

Source [55], p. 6 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Applies to farm water pumps of government agencies, agricultural cooperatives and registered or officially recognised farmer groups in PEA's service area; individual farmers are not covered by this category. The first 100 units cost THB 2.0889 and the service charge is THB 115.16 per month. Excludes the Ft charge and VAT.

3.2405THB per kWh2026
AG-40DPremium over the market price paid for certified organic Hom Mali 105 paddy by one buyer (Araya Farm)Farmer sells certified organic paddy at a premium
โดยข้าวเปลือกอินทรีย์หอมมะลิ 105 จะให้ราคาสูงกว่า ราคาตลาดทั่วไปกิโลกรัมละ 2-3 บาท ส่วนข้าวอินทรีย์

Source [76], p. 134 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Midpoint of the THB 2-3 per kg range paid by a single buyer in a 2017 case study, not a market average, and only for paddy certified to Organic Thailand. Use the actual premium paid by buyers in the project area.

2-3THB per kg2017
Environment, climate and energy (34)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
EN-03ATGO grid emission factor for electricity use (EF_EC), 2022 dataElectricity saved converted to CO2 avoided
ค่าการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจก สำหรับการใช้ไฟฟ้า (EFEC,PJ,y) 0.4872 0.4770 0.4758 0.4857 0.4682

Source [77], p. 2 · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value. The table gives tCO2/MWh, which equals kgCO2/kWh. Multiply by the kWh saved, then by a carbon price you have verified. 2018–2022 series: 0.4872, 0.4770, 0.4758, 0.4857, 0.4682. TGO notice in use from 28 May 2025.

0.4682kgCO2 per kWh2022
EN-04ADiesel emission factor, stationary combustion (TGO CFO table, January 2026)Diesel saved converted to tCO2e
15 Diesel Liter 2.698722 0.00010926 0.000021852 2.70757206

Source [78] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value. CO2, CH4 and N2O from IPCC 2006 defaults converted with Thai fuel properties, for stationary combustion such as generators and machinery; vehicles have separate factors in the same table. Multiply by litres of diesel saved and divide by 1,000 for tCO2e.

2.7076kgCO2e per litre2026
EN-05AGasoline emission factor, stationary combustion (TGO CFO table, January 2026)Gasoline saved converted to tCO2e
16 Gasoline Liter 2.181564 0.00009444 0.000018888 2.18921364

Source [78] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value. CO2, CH4 and N2O from IPCC 2006 defaults converted with Thai fuel properties, for stationary combustion such as generators and machinery; vehicles have separate factors in the same table. Multiply by litres of gasoline saved and divide by 1,000 for tCO2e.

2.1892kgCO2e per litre2026
EN-06APWA tap water emission factor, surface and groundwater (TGO CFP table, April 2026 update)Tap water saved converted to tCO2e
45. น้ำประปา-การประปาส่วนภูมิภาค ผลิตโดยใช้น้ำผิวดินและน้ำใต้ดิน; LCIA method IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.03 m3 0.5167 Thai National LCI Database, TIIS-MTEC-NSTDA (with TGO electricity 2022-2024) Update_April2026

Source [79] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value, from raw water intake to delivery, using TGO's 2022–2024 electricity factor. The same table has separate factors for the Metropolitan Waterworks and industrial estates. The previous edition (July 2022) gave 0.5410.

0.5167kgCO2e per m³2026
EN-07AMEA residential energy charge, 26–200 kWh block (excl. Ft and VAT)Household electricity saved
1.1 อัตราปกติปริมาณการใช้พลังงานไฟฟ้าไม่เกิน 150 หน่วยต่อเดือน ค่าพลังงานไฟฟ้า 15 หน่วย (กิโลวัตต์ชั่วโมง) แรก (หน่วยที่ 1 – 15) หน่วยละ 2.3488 บาท 10 หน่วยต่อไป (หน่วยที่ 16 – 25) หน่วยละ 2.9882 บาท 175 หน่วยต่อไป (หน่วยที่ 26 – 200) หน่วยละ 3.0000 บาท

Source [80] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Rate 1.1 (up to 150 units a month), 26–200 unit block. Other blocks: 1–15 units 2.3488, 16–25 units 2.9882, 201–400 units 4.1584, above 400 units 4.3583 baht. Homes using more than 150 units (rate 1.2) also pay 3.0000 baht for the first 200 units. Excludes Ft and VAT. Applies from the September 2026 bill.

3.0000THB per kWh2026
EN-08DERC average billed tariff, Sep–Dec 2026Electricity saved, average all-in tariff
ส่งผลให้ค่าไฟฟ้าเรียกเก็บเฉลี่ยอยู่ที่ 3.95 บาทต่อหน่วย

Source [81] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Average including Ft (16.23 satang per unit), excluding VAT. Read from a news report quoting the ERC spokesperson because the ERC page could not be opened.

3.95THB per kWh2026
EN-09AVolume-weighted average price of T-VER carbon credits traded over the counter, all project types, cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 updateOne tonne of CO2e reduced or removed, valued at the Thai carbon credit market price
2569,REF,3414902,"136,420,874",18,500,39.95 2569,EEP,104067,"4,649,494",30,100,44.68 2569,EEB,1248,"39,750",20,100,31.85 2569,SWM,48278,8336755,45,350,172.6822776 2569,CWM,12804,2080050,93.65,350,162.45 2569,IWM,942515,"116,865,635",35,150,123.99 2569,FOR&AGR,375933,154586896,55,3000,411.2086356 2569,CCUS,4907,"391,733",15,250,79.83

Source [82] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 11 Nov 2026

Formula Total traded value of the 8 project types, THB 423,371,187 ÷ total traded volume, 4,904,654 tCO2e

Note Values greenhouse gas reductions at prices actually paid in Thailand. Every row of the file is labelled FY 2569 and the columns FY2026, and the volumes and values equal the sums of the cumulative since-FY2016 totals in dataset cc_02_01, so this is the average of all trades from FY2016 up to TGO's April 2026 update, which falls in FY2026: roughly ten years, not one year's price. Nearly 70% of the volume is low-priced renewable energy credits and prices range from THB 15 to 3,000; use the matching project type where one exists.

86.32THB per tCO2e2026
EN-10AVolume-weighted average OTC price of forestry and agriculture (FOR&AGR) T-VER credits, cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 updateOne extra tonne of CO2e stored by forests or farmland
FY,T-VER Project Type,Volume FY2026 (baht),Value FY 2026,Minimum Price (Baht),Maximum Price (Baht),Weigh Average Price per ton(Baht) ... 2569,FOR&AGR,375933,154586896,55,3000,411.2086356

Source [82] · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note For tree planting, community forest restoration or perennial crop projects. Printed as 411.2086356 and rounded to two decimals. The volume column is headed 'Volume FY2026 (baht)', but its 375,933 is tonnes of CO2e: the cumulative total of four methodologies in dataset cc_02_01 from FY2016 up to TGO's April 2026 update. Prices in this group range from THB 55 to 3,000, and 86% of the volume is large-scale reforestation, which averaged THB 284.42.

411.21THB per tCO2e2026
EN-11AVolume-weighted average price of credits under the "sustainable reforestation" methodology (small projects), cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 updateOne tonne of CO2e stored by a small sustainable reforestation project
FY,Project Type,Methodology,Accummulated Volume since FY 2016 (baht),Accummulated Value since FY 2016 (baht),Minimum Price (Baht),Maximum Price (Baht),Latest market price (Baht),Weigh average price (Baht) ... 2569,FOR&AGR,การปลูกป่าอย่างยั่งยืน,"4,957",9346296,1700,3000,2076.3,1885.47

Source [83] · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note A very thin market: only 4,957 tCO2e have traded since FY2016, so a few trades can move the price a lot. The latest trade was THB 2,076.30, while large-scale reforestation credits (322,973 tCO2e) averaged only THB 284.42; use that value as a sensitivity test.

1,885.47THB per tCO2e2026
EN-12AVolume-weighted average price of project-level REDD+ T-VER credits, cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 updateOne tonne of CO2e kept in standing forest by avoiding deforestation and degradation (REDD+)
2569,FOR&AGR,การลดการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจกจากการทำลายป่าและความเสื่อมโทรมของป่า และการเพิ่มพูนการกักเก็บคาร์บอนในพื้นที่ป่าในระดับโครงการ,47993,53370000,1066.87,2000,2000,1112.04

Source [83] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Suits community forest projects that protect existing forest. A thin market: only 47,993 tCO2e have traded since FY2016, at THB 1,066.87 to 2,000, and the figure is a cumulative average, not a single recent year.

1,112.04THB per tCO2e2025
EN-13AVolume-weighted average price of credits under the "renewable electricity generation" methodology, cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 updateOne tonne of CO2e avoided by generating renewable electricity
2569,REF,การผลิตไฟฟ้าจากพลังงานหมุนเวียน,1143751,59789835,18,500,250,52.28

Source [83] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For solar and other renewable power projects. Prices are far below forestry credits and cumulative volume is large (1,143,751 tCO2e since FY2016); the latest trade, THB 250, is well above this cumulative average, so test sensitivity with it.

52.28THB per tCO2e2025
EN-14AVolume-weighted average price of credits under the "fertiliser or soil conditioner from organic waste" methodology, cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 updateOne tonne of CO2e avoided by composting organic waste instead of landfilling it
2569,SWM,การผลิตปุ๋ยหรือสารปรับปรุงดินจากขยะอินทรีย์,27994,6707980,80,350,200,239.62

Source [83] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For community, school or municipal composting projects. A thin market: only 27,994 tCO2e have traded since FY2016, at THB 80 to 350, and tonnes of waste must first be converted to tCO2e with the TGO methodology.

239.62THB per tCO2e2025
EN-15BSocial cost of carbon (SC-CO2) for 2026 emissions at a 2% near-term discount rateGlobal damage avoided by emitting one tonne less CO2
Table A.5.1: Unrounded SC-CO2, SC-CH4, and SC-N2O Values, 2020-2080 ... (2020 dollars per metric ton of CO2) (2020 dollars per metric ton of CH4) (2020 dollars per metric ton of N2O) ... 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% ... 2026 133 215 365 1,657 2,101 2,823 40,920 61,492 96,796

Source [84], p. 160 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note In 2020 US dollars: bring it to the price year of the analysis, then convert with a BOT annual average rate (such as WF-16). The 2.5% and 1.5% values (USD 133 and 365) give a sensitivity range, and the figure measures global, not Thai, damage. US Executive Order 14154 (January 2025) withdrew social cost of greenhouse gas estimates as federal policy; EPA's web page for them now returns 'page not found', though the report file is still on EPA's site.

215USD (2020 dollars) per tonne of CO22026
EN-16BSocial cost of methane (SC-CH4) for 2026 emissions at a 2% near-term discount rateGlobal damage avoided by emitting one tonne less methane (for example from landfills, wastewater or rice paddies)
Table A.5.1: Unrounded SC-CO2, SC-CH4, and SC-N2O Values, 2020-2080 ... (2020 dollars per metric ton of CO2) (2020 dollars per metric ton of CH4) (2020 dollars per metric ton of N2O) ... 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% ... 2026 133 215 365 1,657 2,101 2,823 40,920 61,492 96,796

Source [84], p. 160 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Apply it to tonnes of methane directly, without a GWP conversion, because EPA values methane damage separately. In 2020 US dollars: bring it to the price year of the analysis, then convert with a BOT annual average rate (such as WF-16). The 2.5% and 1.5% values are USD 1,657 and 2,823. US Executive Order 14154 (January 2025) withdrew social cost of greenhouse gas estimates as federal policy; EPA's web page for them now returns 'page not found', though the report file is still on EPA's site.

2,101USD (2020 dollars) per tonne of CH42026
EN-17BSocial cost of nitrous oxide (SC-N2O) for 2026 emissions at a 2% near-term discount rateGlobal damage avoided by emitting one tonne less nitrous oxide (for example through better nitrogen fertiliser use)
Table A.5.1: Unrounded SC-CO2, SC-CH4, and SC-N2O Values, 2020-2080 ... (2020 dollars per metric ton of CO2) (2020 dollars per metric ton of CH4) (2020 dollars per metric ton of N2O) ... 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% ... 2026 133 215 365 1,657 2,101 2,823 40,920 61,492 96,796

Source [84], p. 160 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Apply it to tonnes of N2O directly, without a GWP conversion. In 2020 US dollars: bring it to the price year of the analysis, then convert with a BOT annual average rate (such as WF-16). The 2.5% and 1.5% values are USD 40,920 and 96,796, and the figure measures global damage. US Executive Order 14154 (January 2025) withdrew social cost of greenhouse gas estimates as federal policy; EPA's web page for them now returns 'page not found', though the report file is still on EPA's site.

61,492USD (2020 dollars) per tonne of N2O2026
EN-18AWeighted average retail price of high-speed diesel B7 in Bangkok, 2025One litre of diesel saved (for example through more efficient transport or machinery)
RETAIL PRICE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN BANGKOK ... UNIT: BATH/LITRE ... 2025 (MIN),41.5441525857655,,33.2544482846902,31.0468407578085,29.3856137992832,32.8841525857655,#DIV/0!,31.9454301075269 ... (WT.AVG) ,41.5624703098104,,33.284754787735,31.0989467531614,29.3856137992832,32.8531579621096,#DIV/0!,31.9585229922608

Source [85] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Printed as 31.9585229922608 in the HSD B7 column of the 2025 (WT.AVG) row and rounded to 31.96. Bangkok prices; provinces are usually slightly higher. The same table shows much higher 2026 prices (THB 44.13 on average in April), so use the price for the year assessed.

31.96THB per litre2025
EN-19AWeighted average retail price of gasohol 95 (E10) in Bangkok, 2025One litre of petrol saved (for example by switching to public transport or an electric vehicle)
RETAIL PRICE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN BANGKOK ... UNIT: BATH/LITRE ... 2025 (MIN),41.5441525857655,,33.2544482846902,31.0468407578085,29.3856137992832,32.8841525857655,#DIV/0!,31.9454301075269 ... (WT.AVG) ,41.5624703098104,,33.284754787735,31.0989467531614,29.3856137992832,32.8531579621096,#DIV/0!,31.9585229922608

Source [85] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Printed as 33.284754787735 in the GASOHOL 95 (E10) column of the 2025 (WT.AVG) row and rounded to 33.28. Bangkok prices; fuel prices swing widely, so use the average for the year assessed and test sensitivity.

33.28THB per litre2025
EN-20AMWA residential water tariff for the first 0 to 30 m³ a month (excluding VAT)A household in the MWA area uses one cubic metre less tap water
อัตราค่าน้ำประปา (WATER TARIFFS) ตั้งแต่ ธันวาคม 2542 / Effective December 1999 ประเภทที่ 1 ที่พักอาศัย (Residence) ... ปริมาณน้ำใช้ลูกบาศก์เมตร ราคาค่าน้ำบาท/ลูกบาศก์เมตร ... 0-30 8.50 0-10 9.50 แต่ไม่ต่ำกว่า 90.00 บาท 31-40 10.03 ... หมายเหตุ ไม่รวมภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม (Vat not included)

Source [57] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Applies only to Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan. The tariff has been in force since December 1999; higher blocks cost more (THB 10.03 for 31 to 40 m³), and a raw water charge of 15 satang per m³, a meter-size monthly service fee and 7% VAT are added. PWA areas use a different tariff.

8.50THB per m³2026
EN-21AState grant towards equipment and installation under the People Solar (โซลาร์ภาคประชาชน) scheme, per householdA household installs rooftop solar with state support (public cost per household)
โซลาร์ภาคประชาชน รัฐช่วย 50,000 บาท! สำหรับผู้ใช้ไฟฟ้าประเภทที่ 1 (บ้านอยู่อาศัย) จำนวน 1 ล้านราย ติดโซลาร์ กรุงเทพฯ นนทบุรี สมุทรปราการ ลงทะเบียนได้แล้ววันนี้ถึง 31 มกราคม 2570

Source [86] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A state grant, not the full system cost; record it as a public input or as the share a household does not pay itself. Under the rules on MEA's registration site the grant towards equipment and installation is THB 50,000 per applicant, once only, for up to 1,000,000 applicants nationwide; systems must be 5 to 10 kW, connected by 30 September 2027, and the grant cannot be combined with the income tax exemption for solar installation. The figure comes from MEA's own announcement, as the agency taking registrations in its area.

50,000THB per household2026
EN-22BAnnual cost of health damage from ambient and household PM2.5 exposure in Thailand, 2019National health damage from PM2.5 exposure (a national reference value)
TABLE A.3 Annual cost of health damages from PM2.5 exposure, 2019 ... TABLE A.3, continued US$, MILLIONS $ (PPP), MILLIONS MORBIDITY % OF GDP COST SHARE ECONOMY AAP HAP TOTAL AAP HAP TOTAL EQUIVALENT (%) ... Thailand 26,260 6,581 32,841 64,667 16,207 80,874 6.0 14

Source [87], p. 69 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Equal to 6.0% of GDP; ambient PM2.5 accounts for USD 26,260 million, in 2019 US dollars. Use it as national context, not a per-person value. Mortality is valued with a value of statistical life transferred from OECD studies, so the figure is a model estimate.

32,841USD million per year2019
EN-23BThailand's 2019 health damage cost of ambient PM2.5 divided by deaths attributed to ambient PM2.5One premature death from ambient PM2.5 avoided (for example by cutting open burning)
TABLE A.1, continued AMBIENT PM2.5 SOLID-FUEL USE DEATHS FROM PM2.5 YLDS FROM PM2.5 ... AAP HAP AAP HAP ... Thailand 27.4 21 32,211 7,449 171,033 64,960 ... TABLE A.3, continued US$, MILLIONS $ (PPP), MILLIONS ... AAP HAP TOTAL AAP HAP TOTAL ... Thailand 26,260 6,581 32,841

Source [87], p. 69 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula USD 26,260 million (ambient PM2.5 cost, Table A.3, PDF page 69) ÷ 32,211 deaths (ambient PM2.5 deaths, Table A.1, PDF page 58)

Note In 2019 US dollars; convert with a BOT average exchange rate. It includes illness costs (morbidity is 14% of Thailand's total PM2.5 cost), so it is slightly above the value of a statistical life the report uses, and the deaths a project actually avoids must be estimated from epidemiological evidence.

815,249USD per death2019
EN-24BHousing-sector damage and losses from the 2011 floods (structures, household goods, temporary shelter and clean-up) per affected houseA household spared the damage of a major flood (average per affected house)
Table 53: Damage and losses in housing, by province HOUSING DAMAGE LOSSES HOUSEHOLD PROVINCE Number of Estimate GOODS Temporary shelter Debris cleaning TOTAL damaged of cost & utilities (also cleaning of houses (Thb) DAMAGE ... 7,848,349,383 38,059,345,564 35,925,945,652 1,966,524,852 1,956,578 83,800,165,452

Source [88], p. 173 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 83,800,165,452 ÷ 1,956,578 affected houses

Note In 2011 prices; rebase with the CPI before use. It is a rapid assessment built from flood maps and the team's assumptions, covering 26 provinces in a long flood (evacuation of over three months in places), and the almost THB 36 billion of evacuation costs fell mainly on host families, agencies, firms and donors rather than on the households themselves. The table totals are used because some province rows contain typos.

42,830THB per affected house2011
EN-25BHousehold goods damaged in the 2011 floods per affected houseA household keeps its furniture and appliances safe from a flood
Table 53: Damage and losses in housing, by province HOUSING DAMAGE LOSSES HOUSEHOLD PROVINCE Number of Estimate GOODS Temporary shelter Debris cleaning TOTAL damaged of cost & utilities (also cleaning of houses (Thb) DAMAGE ... 7,848,349,383 38,059,345,564 35,925,945,652 1,966,524,852 1,956,578 83,800,165,452

Source [88], p. 173 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 38,059,345,564 ÷ 1,956,578 affected houses

Note Suits early-warning or preparedness projects that help households move belongings in time. In 2011 prices; rebase with the CPI. The report finds most housing damage was to household goods; structural damage averaged about THB 4,011 per house.

19,452THB per affected house2011
EN-26DAverage cost of collecting and treating or disposing of municipal solid waste, used by the World Bank as an assumption from discussions with BMA staffOne tonne less municipal waste to collect and dispose of (for example through source separation, recycling or composting)
Municipal Solid Waste (All Public) ... multiply by the average cost of collection and treatment/disposal using THB 1,000 per ton of waste (from discus- sion with BMA staff).

Source [88], p. 373 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A round figure from discussion, not a published cost statistic, at 2011 Bangkok price levels. Use it only until a cost per tonne is available from the local authority's own budget or from the Pollution Control Department.

1,000THB per tonne2011
EN-27AVolume-weighted average price of Standard T-VER carbon credits traded over the counter (OTC) in fiscal year 2025 (October 2024 to September 2025)One tonne of CO2e reduced or removed, valued at the average Thai carbon credit price in fiscal year 2025
โดยสถิติการซื้อขายเครดิต TVERs จากมาตรฐาน Standard T-VER ผ่านรูปแบบทวิภาค (Over-the-Counter: OTC) ณ ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2568 มีปริมาณการซื้อขาย จำนวน 595,486 tCO2eq และมีมูลค่าการซื้อขายจำนวน 86,555,414 บาท ราคาเฉลี่ยถ่วงน้ำหนัก 145.35 บาท/tCO2eq

Source [89], p. 75 · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Values greenhouse gas reductions at the average price of Standard T-VER credits traded over the counter in fiscal year 2025 (595,486 tCO2e for THB 86,555,414), the latest year in TGO's annual report, which gives no separate Premium T-VER price. It averages all project types, whose prices differ widely, so use a project-type price (EN-10 to EN-14) where one fits. The same report gives THB 95.54 as the 2016 to 2025 cumulative average; TGO's open data (EN-09, THB 86.32) also counts trades in fiscal year 2026, so say which source you use.

145.35THB per tCO2e2025
EN-28ALPG emission factor per kg, stationary combustion (TGO CFO table, January 2026)LPG saved converted to CO2e
Emission Factor CFO (มกราคม 2569) ลำดับ ชื่อ หน่วย Emission Factors ข้อมูลอ้างอิง CO 2 Fossil CH 4 CH 4 N 2 O Total [kg CO 2 /unit] [kg CH 4 /unit] [kg CH 4 /unit] [kg N 2 O/unit] [kg CO 2 eq/unit] Stationary Source ... 6 LPG kg 3.1105962962963 0.000049296296296296 0.000004929629629629 3.11328294444444 IPCC defaults (2006)

Source [78] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value, for LPG burned in homes, restaurants or workplace stoves and furnaces. CO2, CH4 and N2O from IPCC 2006 defaults converted with fuel properties (the table does not name their source); the same table gives 1.68117279 per litre and separate factors for vehicles. Multiply by kg of LPG saved and divide by 1,000 for tCO2e.

3.1133kgCO2e per kg2026
EN-29ANatural gas emission factor per MJ (net calorific value), stationary combustion (TGO CFO table, January 2026)Natural gas saved converted to CO2e
Stationary Source 1 Natural Gas (NCV) SCF 0.057222 0.00000102 0.000000102 0.05727759 IPCC defaults (2006), volume 2, chapter 2, table 2.3, p.2.18 - 2.19 ... 2 Natural Gas (NCV) MJ 0.0561 0.000001 0.0000001 0.0561545 IPCC defaults (2006)

Source [78] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value, for natural gas burned in boilers or furnaces of buildings and workplaces. Per standard cubic foot (SCF) use 0.05727759; the table also gives 52.9545 per MMBTU on a higher heating value basis from the API Compendium. Match the unit on the gas bill, then divide by 1,000 for tCO2e.

0.0562kgCO2e per MJ2026
EN-30AGrid-mix electricity emission factor for 2022 to 2024, Scope 2 (TGO CFO table, January 2026)Electricity use cut by an organisation, converted to CO2e for organisational carbon footprint reporting
Electricity (Electricity, grid mix (ไฟฟ้า)) 137 ไฟฟ้าแบบ grid mix ปี 2016-2018; LCIA method IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.03 (CFO Scope2) kWh 0.4999 ... 140 ไฟฟ้าแบบ grid mix ปี 2022-2024; LCIA method IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.03 (CFO Scope2) kWh 0.475 Thai National LCI Database, TIISMTEC-NSTDA, AR5 (with TGO electricity 2022-2024)

Source [78] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value: the 2022 to 2024 grid mix from MTEC-NSTDA's Thai National LCI Database, for organisational carbon footprints (Scope 2); the 2016 to 2018 set gave 0.4999, and the product footprint (CFP) factor for 2022 to 2024 is 0.5562. The year is 2024, the last data year, as EN-03 takes its factor's data year; factors with no data year of their own (EN-04 to EN-06) take the table's year, 2026. For greenhouse gas reduction projects seeking credits, use TGO's EF_EC (EN-03) instead.

0.475kgCO2e per kWh2024
EN-31AEmission factor for disposing of municipal solid waste in a sanitary landfill (TGO CFP table, April 2026 update)One kg of municipal solid waste kept out of a sanitary landfill, converted to CO2e
481. การฝังกลบขยะมูลฝอยชุมชนแบบถูกหลักสุขาภิบาล ... ; LCIA method IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.03 kg 0.7933 Thai National LCI Database, TIIS-MTEC-NSTDA (with TGO electricity 2022-2024) Update_April2026

Source [79] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value: use it to estimate emissions avoided when waste is separated, recycled or composted instead of landfilled, after subtracting the emissions of the alternative. It comes from MTEC-NSTDA's Thai National LCI Database as published by TGO; the table gives one total and its description lists only site operations (crushing, compacting or pushing waste and odour control), so it does not show how much is methane from decomposing waste. The same table gives 1.0387 for open dumping and 0.0175 for a landfill that recovers methane for power.

0.7933kgCO2e per kg of waste2026
EN-32AEmission factor for disposing of municipal solid waste on an open dump (TGO CFP table, April 2026 update)One kg of municipal solid waste kept off an open dump, converted to CO2e
480. การกำจัดขยะมูลฝอยชุมชนแบบเทกอง การกำจัดขยะแบบเทกองครอบคลุมกิจกรรมการดำเนินงาน ณ ลานเทกอง ได้แก่ การบด อัด หรือดันขยะในพื้นที่ลานเทกอง และการลดกลิ่นขยะที่เกิดขึ้น; LCIA method IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.03 kg 1.0387 Thai National LCI Database, TIIS-MTEC-NSTDA (with TGO electricity 2022-2024) Update_April2026

Source [79] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value, for local authorities that still dispose of waste on open dumps, when a project cuts the waste sent there; subtract the emissions of the alternative first. The table gives one total and its description lists only site operations (crushing, compacting or pushing waste and odour control), so it does not show how much is methane from decomposing waste. Where waste goes to a sanitary landfill, use 0.7933 from the same table.

1.0387kgCO2e per kg of waste2026
EN-33AEmission factor for organic compost made from fresh waste (aerobic composting with an accelerator), TGO CFP table, April 2026 updateCompost made from fresh organic waste (greenhouse gas emitted per kg of compost, to subtract from the emissions avoided)
484. ปุ๋ยหมักอินทรีย์จากการจัดการมูลฝอยสด การทำปุ๋ยอินทรีย์ เป็นการหมักแบบใช้อากาศ โดยหมักด้วยสารเร่ง; LCIA method IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.03 kg 0.3323 Thai National LCI Database, TIIS-MTEC-NSTDA (with TGO electricity 2022-2024) Update_April2026

Source [79] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note A conversion factor, not a money value: emissions per kg of compost produced, not per kg of waste taken in. The table gives no ratio of waste to compost, so use the project's own records before netting it against the landfill factor. The same table lists fresh-waste management by anaerobic digestion at 0.1055 per kg, a treatment process rather than a product, so the two cannot be compared directly.

0.3323kgCO2e per kg of compost2026
EN-34ARetail price of LPG in Bangkok in EPPO's price structure for 10 November 2026One kg of cooking gas (LPG) saved by a household or food business (for example through efficient stoves or a switch to biogas)
โครงสร้างราคาน้ำมันเชื้อเพลิง (กทม.) 2026-11-10 หน่วย: บาท/ลิตร ราคา ณ โรงกลั่น ... กองทุน น้ำมันฯ ... ราคาขายปลีก ... ก๊าซปิโตรเลียมเหลว (บาท/กิโลกรัม) 33.0734 2.17 0.217 -14.5425 0 20.9179 1.464253 22.382153 3.2566 0.228 25.866753

Source [90] · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Retail price including VAT in Bangkok on a single day, 10 November 2026. It includes an Oil Fund subsidy of THB 14.5425 per kg, so it is below the fuel's full cost: add the subsidy back to value the resource saved from society's point of view, and use EPPO's structure for the period being valued, since the price and subsidy change over time. EPPO states the structure is published for reference, not as a government-set price, and that its retail figure follows the seller with the largest market share; cylinder prices at shops may add delivery.

25.87THB per kg2026
EN-35APWA residential water tariff for the first 0 to 10 m³ a monthA household in a PWA area using up to 10 cubic metres a month uses one cubic metre less tap water
ตารางหมายเลข 3 อัตราค่าน้ำประปาพื้นที่ กปภ.สาขาอื่น (ทั่วประเทศ) ยกเว้นที่กำหนดไว้ในตารางหมายเลข 1 และ 2 ช่วงการใช้น้ำ (ลบ.ม. / เดือน) จำนวน หน่วย 1. ที่อยู่อาศัย 2. ราชการและธุรกิจขนาดเล็ก 3. รัฐวิสาหกิจ / อุตฯ / ธุรกิจขนาดใหญ่ ราคา เป็นเงิน รวมเงิน ... 0 - 10 10 10.20 102.00 102.00 ... 11 - 20 10 16.00 160.00 262.00 ... 21 - 30 10 19.00 190.00 452.00 ... 31 - 50 20 21.20 424.00 876.00

Source [91] · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note For PWA customers only (EN-20 covers the MWA area). Residential rates are the same in all three of PWA's tables, including private concession areas and Phuket, Samui and Phangan: 0 to 10 m³ THB 10.20, 11 to 20 m³ THB 16.00, 21 to 30 m³ THB 19.00 and 31 to 50 m³ THB 21.20, with the type 2 rate from the 51st m³. The page gives no effective date, does not say whether VAT is included and does not show the monthly meter service fee.

10.20THB per m³2026
EN-36APWA residential water tariff for the 11 to 20 m³ block a monthA household in a PWA area using 11 to 20 cubic metres a month uses one cubic metre less tap water
ตารางหมายเลข 3 อัตราค่าน้ำประปาพื้นที่ กปภ.สาขาอื่น (ทั่วประเทศ) ยกเว้นที่กำหนดไว้ในตารางหมายเลข 1 และ 2 ช่วงการใช้น้ำ (ลบ.ม. / เดือน) จำนวน หน่วย 1. ที่อยู่อาศัย 2. ราชการและธุรกิจขนาดเล็ก 3. รัฐวิสาหกิจ / อุตฯ / ธุรกิจขนาดใหญ่ ราคา เป็นเงิน รวมเงิน ... 0 - 10 10 10.20 102.00 102.00 ... 11 - 20 10 16.00 160.00 262.00 ... 21 - 30 10 19.00 190.00 452.00 ... 31 - 50 20 21.20 424.00 876.00

Source [91] · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Water saved is worth the rate of the last block a household reaches, so use this rate for homes using 11 to 20 m³ a month; the other blocks are listed in the note to the 0 to 10 m³ row. The page gives no effective date and does not say whether VAT is included.

16.00THB per m³2026
Transport, travel and housing (25)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
TR-01BAnnual cost of congestion per car, rush hour against off-peak travel: time, fuel, maintenance and greenhouse gas damage (5% discount rate on GHG damage)Bangkok car commuter no longer faces rush-hour congestion for a year
Cost (SC) using a 5-percent discount rate 76,155.00 158.76 145.28 7.42 (2,538.50) (5.29) (4.84) (0.25) Cost (SC) using a 2.5-percent discount rate 77,021.00 158.76 146.90 7.45

Source [92], p. 10 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For projects that ease congestion or move Bangkok car commuters to mass transit. In 2023 prices, inflated with the CPI from a 2015 survey of about 212 car commuters in Bangkok and its suburbs; 85% of it is time. Table 5 gives 76,155 baht at a 5% discount rate and 77,021 baht at 2.5%, which matches the sum of its components and the city total on p. 60; the text on p. 59 swaps the two. The authors call it a lower bound: tolls, health effects and business costs are left out.

76,155THB per vehicle per year2023
TR-02BCost of congestion per one-way rush-hour car trip, against the same trip off-peak (5% discount rate on GHG damage)Bangkok car commuter makes one rush-hour trip free of congestion
Cost (SC) using a 5-percent discount rate 76,155.00 158.76 145.28 7.42 (2,538.50) (5.29) (4.84) (0.25) Cost (SC) using a 2.5-percent discount rate 77,021.00 158.76 146.90 7.45

Source [92], p. 10 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Count per trip when a project cuts rush-hour congestion delay for car commuters. It is the extra cost caused by congestion, not the full cost of the trip. In 2023 prices from a 2015 survey; the average one-way trip was 20.8 km, 64 minutes at rush hour and 29 minutes off-peak. 158.76 baht matches the components at the 5% discount rate (128.09 + 30.30 + 0.34); the table prints the same figure for 2.5%, but those components add to about 160.75.

158.76THB per one-way trip2023
TR-03BAverage value of travel time of road users, Mueang Narathiwat (income-rate method)Road user in Narathiwat spends less time travelling
The results on VOT point out that the southern border provinces have average traveling time value of 69.20 Baht per hour which is 58.65 percent less than the national value of time (117.99 baht per hour). Moreover, when classified the VOT by the type of vehicle, the VOT of car and motorcycle are 103.22 and 60.00 Baht per hour, respectively.

Source [93], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For road or travel projects in the southern border area or other areas with incomes below the national average. From 406 respondents in Mueang Narathiwat in 2020 (roadside on local road NT.Th 1-0033 and an online questionnaire), 78% of them motorcyclists. It is average hourly income (86.50 baht) times 80%, the factor for work trips; split by trip purpose the values are lower (Table 5, p. 15).

69.20THB per hour2020
TR-04BValue of travel time by motorcycle, Mueang Narathiwat (income-rate method)Motorcyclist in a lower-income province spends less time travelling
The results on VOT point out that the southern border provinces have average traveling time value of 69.20 Baht per hour which is 58.65 percent less than the national value of time (117.99 baht per hour). Moreover, when classified the VOT by the type of vehicle, the VOT of car and motorcycle are 103.22 and 60.00 Baht per hour, respectively.

Source [93], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For motorcyclists, the main road users in rural areas. From the 315 respondents who mainly ride motorcycles, Mueang Narathiwat, 2020; hourly income times 80% (the work-trip factor). Table 5 gives 54.44 baht for work trips and 41.61 for other trips. A low-income area value; elsewhere treat it as a lower bound.

60.00THB per hour2020
TR-05BValue of travel time by car, Mueang Narathiwat (income-rate method)Car driver in a lower-income province spends less time travelling
The results on VOT point out that the southern border provinces have average traveling time value of 69.20 Baht per hour which is 58.65 percent less than the national value of time (117.99 baht per hour). Moreover, when classified the VOT by the type of vehicle, the VOT of car and motorcycle are 103.22 and 60.00 Baht per hour, respectively.

Source [93], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For car drivers in areas with incomes below the national average. Based on only 91 respondents who mainly drive cars, Mueang Narathiwat, 2020, so less precise than the motorcycle value; hourly income times 80% (the work-trip factor). Table 5 gives 93.18 baht for work trips and 70.07 for other trips.

103.22THB per hour2020
TR-06DOfficial flat mileage allowance for a private motorcycle on government travelOne km of private motorcycle travel avoided
“พาหนะส่วนตัว” หมายความว่า รถยนต์ส่วนบุคคล หรือรถจักรยานยนต์ส่วนบุคคล ซึ่งมิใช่ของทางราชการ ... เงินชดเชยในการใช้พาหนะส่วนตัวในการเดินทางไปราชการ • รถยนต์ส่วนบุคคล กิโลเมตรละ 4 บาท • รถจักรยานยนต์ส่วนบุคคล กิโลเมตรละ 2 บาท

Source [94], p. 11 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Pairs with WF-12 (4 baht per km by car) from the same document. A flat allowance the government pays, not a measured operating cost. The rate is set by the Ministry of Finance; the handbook lists Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0502/Wor 42 of 26 July 2007 on cross-province hire vehicles and compensation among its rules. It is read from the Department of Older Persons' handbook (around 2021), not the Ministry's own notice, hence grade D; check that it is still the current rate before use.

2THB per km2007
TR-07DEconomic loss per minor (outpatient) road injury (2007 Department of Highways cost base)One minor road traffic injury (outpatient) avoided
ปี 2564 ... การบาดเจ็บเล็กน้อย (OPD) 26,580 ล้านบาท1 ... 1. มูลค่าความสูญเสียจำแนกตามระดับความรุนแรง (ที่มา : สำนักอำนวยความปลอดภัย กรมทางหลวง กระทรวงคมนาคม ปี 2550) [หน้า 18: ปี 2564 ผู้บาดเจ็บเล็กน้อย (OPD) จำนวน 764,674 คน1]

Source [5], p. 25 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 26,580 million ÷ 764,674 outpatients (2021)

Note The Department of Highways' 2007 cost per case, as in HL-08 and HL-09, which the Department of Disease Control multiplies by the 2021 injury count; it is in 2007 prices and must be rebased from 2007. Totals are printed in millions, so the result is approximate. The five-year figures in the same document (THB 144,957 million ÷ 4,768,219 cases) give about THB 30,400, so report a range and test sensitivity.

≈34,760THB per case2007
TR-08DEconomic loss per person disabled by a road crash (2007 Department of Highways cost base)One road-crash disability avoided
ปี 2564 ... ผู้พิการ 56,093 ล้านบาท1 ที่มา 1. มูลค่าความสูญเสียจำแนกตามระดับความรุนแรง (ที่มา : สำนักอำนวยความปลอดภัย กรมทางหลวง กระทรวงคมนาคม ปี 2550) 2. จำนวนผู้พิการคำนวณจาก 4.6% ของผู้บาดเจ็บ Admitted [หน้า 18: ปี 2564 ผู้พิการ จำนวน 9,096 คน2]

Source [5], p. 25 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 56,093 million ÷ 9,096 people (2021)

Note The Department of Highways' 2007 cost per case, which the Department of Disease Control multiplies by the 2021 count; it is in 2007 prices and must be rebased from 2007. The five-year figures in the same document agree (THB 306,156 million ÷ 49,644, about THB 6,167,000). The count of disabled people is an estimate (4.6% of admitted injuries), not an observed count, and they are also counted among serious injuries, so do not add HL-09 for the same person.

≈6,166,777THB per case2007
TR-09AAverage monthly household spending on vehicles and travel, 2025Household spends less on vehicles and travel
ค่าใช้จ่ายเกี่ยวกับยานพาหนะและการเดินทาง 3,430 บาท ตามลำดับ

Source [19], p. 24 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use as the baseline for household travel spending, for example the share a project saves. A national monthly average over all households, including those with no vehicle (section 3.3.5, p. 24), out of 22,420 baht of total spending (EM-09). The report does not split fuel, fares or vehicle purchases. Multiply by 12 for a year.

3,430THB per household per month2025
TR-10AAverage monthly household spending on housing and household goods, 2025Household's housing costs are reduced
รองลงมาเป็นค่าที่อยู่อาศัย และ เครื่องใช้ภายในบ้าน 4,753 บาท

Source [19], p. 24 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use to gauge a household's housing burden, not as a rent price: it is the total for housing and household goods, averaged over all households, renters and owners alike (section 3.3.5, p. 24). The report does not give rent actually paid. Multiply by 12 for a year.

4,753THB per household per month2025
TR-11ACODI Baan Pho Phiang support per household, Prachin Buri, 2024Poor rural household gets its home repaired or rebuilt
จากนั้นมีการมอบงบประมาณสนบสนุนโครงการบ้านพอเพียง ปี 2567 จำนวน 14 ตำบล 206 ครัวเรือน งบประมาณ 4,326,000 บาท

Source [95] · Method: Replacement cost · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 4,326,000 baht ÷ 206 households = 21,000 baht per household

Note Use as the public support per home in repairing run-down, unsafe houses of poor rural households. From CODI's own news page (3 April 2024). Wang Tha Chang subdistrict received 1,659,000 baht for 79 households (also 21,000), but the 13-province regional total of 29,610,000 baht for 1,417 households averages about 20,900, so it is an average allocation, not a fixed rate, and not the cost or value of the whole home.

21,000THB per household2024
TR-12AInspection fee for a new permanent low-voltage connection, 5(15) A single-phase meterHousehold in MEA's area gets its own electricity meter
ค่าบริการขอใช้ไฟฟ้าถาวร แรงดันต่ำ ลำดับที่ เครื่องวัดหน่วยไฟฟ้า ค่าตรวจสอบการติดตั้งสายไฟฟ้า และอุปกรณ์ไฟฟ้าภายใน (บาท) ... หลักประกันการใช้ไฟฟ้า (บาท) แอมแปร์ จำนวนเฟส 1 5 (15) 1 700 0 0 2 15 (45) 1 700 0 0

Source [96] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Applies in Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan; the same rate applies to a 15(45) A single-phase meter. It is 0 baht when an MEA-registered installer is used, and MEA takes no security deposit from new residential users. The page gives no effective date or VAT treatment; the year is when the page was checked. The fee alone excludes house wiring and grid extension and understates what having its own meter is worth to a household.

700THB per household (one-off)2026
TR-13AInspection fee for a new 5(15) A single-phase meter (connection fee and energy cost-share waived)Household in PEA's area gets its own electricity meter
ตารางค่าธรรมเนียมการขอใช้ไฟฟ้า หน่วย : บาท ราคานี้ยังไม่รวมภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม ... 5 (15) 1 ยกเว้นเรียกเก็บ ทุกขนาดมิเตอร์ 100 ยกเว้นเรียกเก็บ ทุกขนาดมิเตอร์ 300 400 15 (45) 1 700 2,000 2,700

Source [97] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The table prints a total of 400 baht including a 300 baht deposit, but PEA has taken no deposit from new residential users since 20 March 2020, so a household pays 100 baht before VAT; a 15(45) A single-phase meter costs 700 baht. In force since 1 January 2020 and still shown on the page in 2026. The fee alone excludes house wiring and grid extension.

100THB per household (one-off)2026
TR-14ALabour and materials for a new water connection, 1/2-inch meterHousehold in MWA's area gets its own piped water connection
อัตราค่าใช้จ่ายในการติดตั้งประปาใหม่ ขนาดมาตร (นิ้ว) ค่ามัดจำ (บาท) ค่าแรงและอุปกรณ์ (บาท) รวม (บาท) 1/2 ไม่มีเงินมัดจำ 5,000 5,000 3/4 ไม่มีเงินมัดจำ 6,000 6,000

Source [98] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Applies in Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan under MWA order 737/2568, in force since 20 March 2025. Covers labour and materials with no deposit, excludes VAT, and covers a service pipe of up to 20 m (longer runs are charged at cost). A 3/4-inch meter costs 6,000 baht. House plumbing is not included.

5,000THB per household (one-off)2026
TR-15BEconomic loss per road traffic death used by the Department of Highways to value accidents in 2025Road traffic death avoided
หมายเหตุ : มูลค่าอุบัติเหตุ กรมทางหลวง เริ่มทำการศึกษาตั้งแต่ปี 2547 โดยอุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง ประกอบด้วย ผู้เสียชีวิต 0.42 คน ผู้พิการ 0.03 คน บาดเจ็บสาหัส 0.79 คน บาดเจ็บเล็กน้อย 2.76 คน ตัวอย่างเช่น ในปี 2568 อุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง คิดเป็นมูลค่า 3.555620 ล้านบาท [(0.42*7.190)+(0.03*8.342)+(0.79*0.198)+(2.76*0.0470)]

Source [99], p. 33 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The 7.190 million baht is the value per death in the example formula under Table 1.1, which the Department of Highways uses to value 2025 accidents with the costing it began in 2004. The report does not explain where the figures come from or how they are revised each year. It is an economic loss cost, not a willingness-to-pay value of statistical life, so compare it with HL-11 and CM-12 and test sensitivity.

7,190,000THB per case2025
TR-16BEconomic loss per person disabled in a road crash used by the Department of Highways to value accidents in 2025Road crash disability avoided
หมายเหตุ : มูลค่าอุบัติเหตุ กรมทางหลวง เริ่มทำการศึกษาตั้งแต่ปี 2547 โดยอุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง ประกอบด้วย ผู้เสียชีวิต 0.42 คน ผู้พิการ 0.03 คน บาดเจ็บสาหัส 0.79 คน บาดเจ็บเล็กน้อย 2.76 คน ตัวอย่างเช่น ในปี 2568 อุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง คิดเป็นมูลค่า 3.555620 ล้านบาท [(0.42*7.190)+(0.03*8.342)+(0.79*0.198)+(2.76*0.0470)]

Source [99], p. 33 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The 8.342 million baht is the value per disabled person in the example formula under Table 1.1, which the Department of Highways uses to value 2025 accidents with the costing it began in 2004; the report does not explain where the figures come from or how they are revised. The formula counts disabled people separately from serious injuries, so do not add the serious injury value for the same person.

8,342,000THB per case2025
TR-17BEconomic loss per serious road traffic injury used by the Department of Highways to value accidents in 2025Serious road traffic injury avoided
หมายเหตุ : มูลค่าอุบัติเหตุ กรมทางหลวง เริ่มทำการศึกษาตั้งแต่ปี 2547 โดยอุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง ประกอบด้วย ผู้เสียชีวิต 0.42 คน ผู้พิการ 0.03 คน บาดเจ็บสาหัส 0.79 คน บาดเจ็บเล็กน้อย 2.76 คน ตัวอย่างเช่น ในปี 2568 อุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง คิดเป็นมูลค่า 3.555620 ล้านบาท [(0.42*7.190)+(0.03*8.342)+(0.79*0.198)+(2.76*0.0470)]

Source [99], p. 33 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The 0.198 million baht is the value per serious injury in the example formula under Table 1.1, which the Department of Highways uses to value 2025 accidents with the costing it began in 2004. The report does not define a serious injury (its definitions say only that injuries are serious or slight), so check that it matches the project's own definition, such as an inpatient admission.

198,000THB per case2025
TR-18BEconomic loss per slight road traffic injury used by the Department of Highways to value accidents in 2025Minor road traffic injury avoided
หมายเหตุ : มูลค่าอุบัติเหตุ กรมทางหลวง เริ่มทำการศึกษาตั้งแต่ปี 2547 โดยอุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง ประกอบด้วย ผู้เสียชีวิต 0.42 คน ผู้พิการ 0.03 คน บาดเจ็บสาหัส 0.79 คน บาดเจ็บเล็กน้อย 2.76 คน ตัวอย่างเช่น ในปี 2568 อุบัติเหตุ 1 ครั้ง คิดเป็นมูลค่า 3.555620 ล้านบาท [(0.42*7.190)+(0.03*8.342)+(0.79*0.198)+(2.76*0.0470)]

Source [99], p. 33 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note The 0.0470 million baht is the value per slight injury in the example formula under Table 1.1, which the Department of Highways uses to value 2025 accidents with the costing it began in 2004. The report does not define a slight injury, so check that it matches the project's own definition, such as an outpatient visit.

47,000THB per case2025
TR-19BAverage economic loss per road accident under the Department of Highways' 2025 formula (an average of 0.42 deaths, 0.03 disabilities, 0.79 serious and 2.76 slight injuries per accident)Road traffic crash avoided
Remark : The Department of Highways started to calculate the costs of accidents in 2004. On average, there are 0.42 fatality, 0.03 disability, 0.79 serious injury and 2.76 slight injuries per accident. For example, in 2025 incident transactions worth 3.55620 million baht. [(0.42*7.190)+(0.03*8.342)+(0.79*0.198)+(2.76*0.0470)]

Source [99], p. 33 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note For projects that can count only the accidents avoided. The casualty mix per accident is fixed from the study the department began in 2004 and is far above what the same table records (4,655 deaths in 54,501 accidents in 2025), so use the per-casualty values where deaths and injuries are known, and never both for the same crash. The Thai remark misprints the total as 3.555620 million baht; the formula, the English remark and the table's 2025 total (193,816 million baht for 54,501 accidents) all give 3.5562 million.

3,556,200THB per accident2025
TR-20BAverage loss per property-damage-only crash at 2016 prices, from the Thailand accident cost study (2004) as brought to 2016 by the Bureau of Highway SafetyProperty-damage-only road crash avoided
ตารางที่ 12 ค่าเฉลี่ยความสูญเสียจากการเกิดอุบัติเหตุจราจร จำแนกตามระดับความรุนแรงปี พ.ศ. 2559 ... กรณีทรัพย์สินเสียหายอย่างเดียว**** 56,000 ที่มา: โครงการศึกษามูลค่าอุบัติเหตุแห่งประเทศไทย, 2547 (ปรับค่าเป็นปัจจุบันปี พ.ศ.2559 โดยสำนักอำนวยความปลอดภัย กรมทางหลวง)

Source [100], p. 30 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note For crashes with no one hurt or killed. It is in 2016 prices, so rebase it with the CPI. The department's annual accident cost formula has no separate property-damage term, so this is not part of its 2025 per-accident value, but do not apply both to the same crash.

56,000THB per accident2016
TR-21BValue of in-vehicle travel time (willingness to pay) of BTS, MRT Blue Line and Airport Rail Link users, from a stated preference survey in October 2020Bangkok rail transit user spends less time on board
The study found that the value of waiting time (0.98 Baht/min) is higher than the value of in-vehicle travel time (0.63 Baht/min). The waiting time multiplier of in-vehicle time equals 1.56 ... Table 5. Values (Willingness to pay) for transit services ... In-vehicle travel time (Baht*/min.) 0.63 - Waiting time (Baht/min.) 0.98 1.56

Source [101], p. 9 · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note About 37.8 baht an hour; use it to value in-vehicle time saved by Bangkok rail transit users. It comes from a survey of 650 users of three lines in October 2020, during COVID-19, and the model that gives the value leaves out respondents who chose the same route in every scenario, so it is not a national standard and should not be used for car drivers or travellers outside Bangkok.

0.63THB per person per minute2020
TR-22BValue of waiting time (willingness to pay) of BTS, MRT Blue Line and Airport Rail Link users, from a stated preference survey in October 2020Bangkok rail transit user waits less for a train
The study found that the value of waiting time (0.98 Baht/min) is higher than the value of in-vehicle travel time (0.63 Baht/min). The waiting time multiplier of in-vehicle time equals 1.56 ... Table 5. Values (Willingness to pay) for transit services ... In-vehicle travel time (Baht*/min.) 0.63 - Waiting time (Baht/min.) 0.98 1.56

Source [101], p. 9 · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note About 58.8 baht an hour, or 1.56 times in-vehicle time; use it for projects that cut waiting, such as more frequent services. It comes from a survey of 650 users of three Bangkok rail lines in October 2020, and the model that gives the value leaves out respondents who chose the same route in every scenario, so it is not a national standard.

0.98THB per person per minute2020
TR-23ABMTA ordinary (cream-red) bus fare, flat for the whole routeA person makes one trip by BMTA ordinary bus, or has the fare for it covered
"type_en":"Ordinary bus","type_th":"รถธรรมดา","color_en":"Cream-Red","color_th":"ครีม- แดง","price_en":"8 baht all the way (add 1.50 baht for night) Expressway service fee increases by 2 baht.","price_th":"8 บาท ตลอดเส้นทาง (กะสว่าง เพิ่มค่าบริการ 1.50 บาท) ขึ้นทางด่วนเพิ่มค่าบริการ 2 บาท"

Source [102] · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Use it to value one trip by ordinary city bus, for example where a project pays travel costs or runs its own shuttle. Night buses add 1.50 baht and expressway use adds 2 baht. This is the rate BMTA showed on its website on 10 Nov 2026 (record last updated 14 Jul 2025); check the rate in force in the year being valued.

8THB per person per trip2026
TR-24ABMTA air-conditioned (cream-blue) bus fare, 12 to 20 baht by distanceA person makes one trip by BMTA air-conditioned (cream-blue) bus, or has the fare for it covered
"type_en":"Air-conditioned bus","type_th":"รถปรับอากาศ","color_en":"Cream-Blue","color_th":"ครีม-น้ำเงิน","price_en":"12 14 16 18 20 baht (depending on distance) Expressway service fee increases by 2 baht.","price_th":"12 14 16 18 20 บาท (ตามระยะทาง) ขึ้นทางด่วนเพิ่มค่าบริการ 2 บาท"

Source [102] · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note 16 baht is the midpoint of the 12 to 20 baht range, since the source gives no average; use the actual fare for the route's distance when known. Euro II air-conditioned buses charge 13 to 25 baht and NGV buses 15, 20 or 25 baht. Rates as shown on BMTA's website on 10 Nov 2026.

16THB per person per trip2026
TR-25ANormal price of a BMTA monthly ticket for ordinary busesRegular commuter has a month of BMTA ordinary bus travel covered
"price_1_en":"135 is 1/3 the price of a monthly ticket for a regular bus (400 baht)." ... "price_1_en":"270 is 1/3 of the monthly ticket price for air-conditioned buses (800 baht)."

Source [102] · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Use it to value a month of regular travel on BMTA's ordinary buses. The ticket gives unlimited trips on all BMTA routes (category 1 only) but not on private joint-service buses, and an ordinary-bus ticket is not valid on air-conditioned buses (whose monthly ticket normally costs 800 baht). The normal prices of 400 and 800 baht appear only in the English text of BMTA's student ticket table; the Thai text gives the student prices only as fractions of the normal price.

400THB per person per month2026
Community, safety and social capital (24)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
CM-01AOld-age allowance (stepped rate)Basic income security, older person aged 60–69
อายุ 60 - 69 ปี ได้รับเบี้ยยังชีพผู้สูงอายุ เดือนละ 600 บาท

Source [103] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.

600THB per person per month2026
CM-02AOld-age allowance (stepped rate)Basic income security, older person aged 70–79
อายุ 70 - 79 ปี ได้รับเบี้ยยังชีพผู้สูงอายุ เดือนละ 700 บาท

Source [103] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.

700THB per person per month2026
CM-03AOld-age allowance (stepped rate)Basic income security, older person aged 80–89
อายุ 80 - 89 ปี ได้รับเบี้ยยังชีพผู้สูงอายุ เดือนละ 800 บาท

Source [103] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.

800THB per person per month2026
CM-04AOld-age allowance (stepped rate)Basic income security, older person aged 90 or over
อายุ 90 ปีขึ้นไป ได้รับเบี้ยยังชีพผู้สูงอายุ เดือนละ 1,000 บาท

Source [103] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.

1,000THB per person per month2026
CM-05DOfficial monthly stipend of village health volunteers (VHV)Value of community health volunteering time
จากเดิมเดือนละ 1,000 บาท เป็น 2,000 บาทต่อคน

Source [104] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A token payment below market wages, so a floor for volunteer time. Alternatively value volunteer hours at the minimum wage (EM-03). Budgeted from FY2024 under the cabinet resolution reported on 9 March 2023. Read from a provincial PR office news page, not the cabinet resolution or a Ministry of Public Health notice, hence grade D.

2,000THB per person per month2024
CM-06ADepartment of Corrections unit cost per person of its two main outputs, "inmates held in custody and cared for" and "inmates corrected, rehabilitated and given behaviour development", FY2020Imprisonment avoided (less reoffending or a non-custodial sentence)
ตาราง 6 รายงานต้นทุนผลผลิตหลักแยกตามแหล่งของเงิน ประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2563 ... 1 ผู้ต้องขังได้รับการควบคุม ดูแล ... 15,851,159,255.09 358,369 จำนวนผู้ต้องราชทัณฑ์ (คน) 44,231.39 2 ผู้ต้องขังได้รับการแก้ไข ฟื้นฟู และพัฒนาพฤตินิสัย ... 100,433,738.49 358,369 จำนวนผู้ต้องราชทัณฑ์ (คน) 280.25

Source [105], p. 16 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 44,231.39 (custody and care) + 280.25 (correction, rehabilitation and behaviour development) per person under correction, Table 6, p. 16

Note Sum of the per-person costs of the two main outputs in Table 6, both divided by the same 358,369 persons under correction and including off-budget funds, the central fund and depreciation. It is an average, not a marginal cost, and FY2020 is the latest unit-cost report found on the department's website, so rebase it with the CPI before use.

44,511.64THB per person per year2020
CM-07DCorrections custody cost per inmate, FY2018Reduced reoffending / imprisonment avoided
คิดเป็นต้นทุนเฉลี่ย 37,463.50 บาท/คน/ปี

Source [106] · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Custody output only, excluding rehabilitation work (THB 1,166.61 per inmate per year). Use it as a cross-check on CM-06.

37,463.5THB per person per year2018
CM-08DChild Support Grant (birth to age six)Early-childhood income support for low-income households
จะจ่ายเงินให้ผู้ปกครองเป็นจำนวน 600 บาททุกเดือน

Source [107] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For children from birth to six in families the page describes as earning on average no more than THB 100,000 a year. A transfer: use it only when the project helps families claim a benefit they were missing. Read from a government information portal, not a notice of the Department of Children and Youth, hence grade D.

600THB per person per month2026
CM-12BValue of a statistical life (WTP), road fatalityRoad traffic death avoided
การเสียชีวิตมีมูลค่าเท่ากับประมาณ 10 ล้านบาทต่อราย

Source [108] · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note An approximate figure from a 2017 willingness-to-pay survey in Saraburi. It is large and can dominate an SROI total, so adjust for CPI, test sensitivity and compare with HL-08.

10,000,000THB per case2017
CM-13BWTP value per serious road injurySerious road injury avoided
การบาดเจ็บสาหัสมีมูลค่าเท่ากับประมาณ 3 ล้านบาทต่อราย

Source [108] · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Same source as CM-12. The definition of serious injury must match the project's data. Compare with HL-09.

3,000,000THB per case2017
CM-14DHistorical park admission fee, Thai visitorAccess to cultural heritage
ค่าธรรมเนียมเข้าชมสำหรับชาวไทย ๒๐ บาท

Source [109] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The fee at one historical park (Phimai), subsidised and so far below what visitors actually value; other sites may charge differently. Foreign visitors pay THB 100. The page gives no effective year, so the year of access is used.

20THB per person per visit2026
CM-15DVillage Fund capital per villageCommunity financial capital (scale reference)
ทุนประเมินหมู่บ้านละ 1 ล้านบาท

Source [110] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For scale only, not an outcome value. A Deputy Prime Minister's remark in a 5 December 2024 news report that the fund's assessed capital has been THB 1 million per village in recent years. The same report gives a THB 11,000 million injection. Confirm with the National Village and Urban Community Fund Office.

1,000,000THB per village2024
CM-16D4-week outpatient drug treatment fee at a public hospital (excl. drugs)Drug user receives outpatient treatment and rehabilitation
ก็จะมีค่าใช้จ่ายอยู่ที่ 29,800 บาท (ไม่รวมค่ายา)

Source [111] · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The article adds an intake fee of THB 6,000 to four weeks at THB 5,950 at an unnamed public hospital. A price paid by the patient, not the public cost. Use it only when no figure from a treatment agency is available, and test sensitivity.

29,800THB per person per 4-week course2022
CM-17ADepartment of Probation cost per case of offender supervision and rehabilitation, FY2018Offender supervised and rehabilitated in the community instead of prison
ต้นทุนผลผลิตและกิจกรรม ปีงบประมาณ 2561 ... 6 การควบคุมสอดส่องและแก้ไขฟื้นฟูผู้กระทำผิด 397,740,791.27 190,799 ราย 2,084.61

Source [112], p. 57 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The FY2018 activity cost divided by the 190,799 cases counted that year, so an average per case for that year, not for a whole probation term. The table lists public personnel costs as a separate activity, so this figure may not include all staff costs and should be read as a low value. If it is set against CM-06, note the different year and costing method, and rebase it with the CPI because the base year is old.

2,084.61THB per case per year2018
CM-18ADepartment of Probation cost per case of compulsory drug rehabilitation, FY2018Drug user rehabilitated under the compulsory treatment system
ต้นทุนผลผลิตและกิจกรรม ปีงบประมาณ 2561 ... 7 การฟื้นฟูในระบบบังคับบำบัด 153,195,190.62 117,033 ราย 1,308.99

Source [112], p. 57 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Average Department of Probation cost per case in FY2018 (117,033 cases). It excludes the costs of hospitals and other agencies that deliver treatment, the separate drug-dependence assessment activity (THB 5,466.41 per case in the same table) and possibly the personnel costs the table lists separately, so it is a lower bound of treatment cost per case. The base year is old; rebase it with the CPI.

1,308.99THB per case2018
CM-19ADepartment of Probation cost per case of its halfway-house programme, FY2018Released or supervised offender gets halfway-house support while returning to society
ต้นทุนผลผลิตและกิจกรรม ปี งบประมาณ 2561 ... 11 การส่งเสริมกิจการบ้านกึ่งวิถี 8,126,219.87 661 ราย 12,293.83

Source [112], p. 57 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The activity cost divided by 661 cases in FY2018. The small caseload makes the average sensitive to each year's budget, and it may leave out the personnel costs listed separately and costs carried by partners that help run the houses. The base year is old; rebase it with the CPI.

12,293.83THB per case2018
CM-20AFuneral assistance grant for an older person, FY2026Poor family helped with the funeral costs of an older relative
การสนับสนุนการสงเคราะห์ในการจัดการศพตามประเพณี (ฉบับที่ 2) ซึ่งจะช่วยเหลือ เป็นเงิน รายละ 3,000 บาท ให้กับผู้สูงอายุที่ตายที่มีคุณสมบัติตามโครงการลงทะเบียน เพื่อสวัสดิการแห่งรัฐ

Source [113], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Rate set by the MSDHS notice on funeral assistance, in force since 20 May 2020; amendment No. 2 (in force 16 Sep 2023) changed eligibility and documents, not the amount (PDF pp. 37 to 38). It covers older people with state welfare card rights or certified as eligible, and those in state or local government care homes. It is a cash grant, not the actual cost of a funeral.

3,000THB per deceased person2026
CM-21AMaximum hardship assistance payment to an older person per occasion, FY2026Older person in hardship receives emergency help (travel, food, clothing, basic medical costs)
ได้ไม่เกินวงเงินครั้งละ 3,000 บาท และช่วยไม่เกิน 3 ครั้งต่อคนต่อปี

Source [114], p. 8 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A ceiling per occasion, up to three times per person per year (at most 9,000 baht a year), under the MSDHS notice in force since 20 May 2020. Actual payments are set case by case and may be lower.

3,000THB per person per occasion2026
CM-22AFoster family support payment per older person per month, FY2026Poor older person without a carer lives with a foster family in the community instead of entering a care home
กรมบัญชีกลางได้กำหนดอัตราวงเงินในการ ช่วยเหลือคุ้มครองผู้ดูแลผู้สูงอายุ แก่ครอบครัวอุปถัมภ์ ครอบครัวละ 2,000 บาทต่อผู้สูงอายุหนึ่งคนต่อเดือน

Source [115], p. 5 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Rate agreed with the Comptroller General's Department (letter 0402.2/40466 of 18 Oct 2022, cited on p. 8). For a bedridden person or one who needs medical equipment the committee may pay up to 3,000 baht a month. It is a carer subsidy, not the full cost of care.

2,000THB per person per month2026
CM-23AMaximum flat-rate grant for adapting an older person's home, per house, FY2026Older person's home adapted to be safe, reducing the risk of falls and accidents
โครงการปรับสภาพแวดล้อมและสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก ของผู้สูงอายุให้เหมาะสมและปลอดภัย เป็นค่าปรับปรุง/ซ่อมแซมของผู้สูงอายุ รวมทั้งค่าบริหารจัดการและ ค่าตอบแทน (ผู้ประมาณการราคาและผู้ช่วยในการซ่อมแซม) ในอัตราเหมาจ่าย หลังละไม่เกิน 40,000 บาท

Source [116], p. 8 · Method: Replacement cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Flat-rate ceiling under Comptroller General letter 0402.5/049435 (23 Dec 2022), covering materials, the builder's fee (30 to 37 percent of materials), the estimator and administration. It applies to poor older people whose homes are insecure or unsafe. It is a ceiling; actual spending per house may be lower.

40,000THB per house2026
CM-24ASocial Security Fund funeral grant on the non-work-related death of an insured personFamily of a deceased insured worker receives a funeral grant
กรณีที่ผู้ประกันตนถึงแก่ความตายอันมิใช่เนื่องจากการทำงาน เมื่อจ่ายเงินสมทบมาแล้ว 1 เดือน ภายในระยะเวลา 6 เดือน ก่อนเดือนถึงแก่ความตาย ... ประโยชน์ทดแทนกรณีตาย ได้แก่ ค่าทำศพ 50,000 บาท โดยจ่ายให้แก่ผู้จัดการศพ

Source [117] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Paid to the person who arranges the funeral; heirs also receive a death grant of 2 months' average wages (36 to 119 months of contributions) or 6 months' (120 months or more), as the same page says. This is the Social Security Fund page for insured persons; for Section 40 see CM-25. It is an existing entitlement, so it counts only where a project helps people claim it (page dated 20 Aug 2026).

50,000THB per death2026
CM-25ASection 40 funeral grant, options 1 and 2Family of a deceased informal worker (Section 40 member) receives a funeral grant
กรณีตาย เงื่อนไขการเกิดสิทธิ จ่ายเงินสมทบมาแล้วไม่น้อยกว่า 6 ใน 12 เดือน ก่อนเดือนที่ตาย ... ทางเลือกที่ 1 และทางเลือกที่ 2 ได้รับเงินค่าทำศพ 25,000 บาท จ่ายให้กับผู้จัดการศพ ได้รับเงินสงเคราะห์กรณีตาย 8,000 บาท หากจ่ายเงินสมทบไม่น้อยกว่า 60 เดือน ก่อนเดือนที่ตาย ทางเลือกที่ 3 ได้รับเงินค่าทำศพ 50,000 บาท

Source [24] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For projects that enrol informal workers in Section 40. Under options 1 and 2 heirs also receive an 8,000 baht death grant after at least 60 months of contributions, while option 3 pays a 50,000 baht funeral grant (same page). It is an entitlement, not the actual cost of a funeral; the page is dated 23 Aug 2024 and still showed this rate when read on 1 Nov 2026.

25,000THB per death2024
CM-26DMonthly disability allowance for disability ID card holders as stated in an MSDHS news release (before the proposed rise to 1,000 baht)Person with a disability ID card receives the disability allowance as basic income
ที่ประชุมเห็นชอบปรับเพิ่มสวัสดิการเบี้ยความพิการ สำหรับผู้มีบัตรประจำตัวคนพิการ จาก 800 บาท เป็น 1,000 บาท ต่อคนต่อเดือน ซึ่งกระทรวง พม. จะเร่งนำเสนอเข้าที่ประชุม ครม. ต่อไป

Source [118] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Read from a news release of the MSDHS, which runs disability policy, but the rate is set by an Interior Ministry regulation and paid by local governments, and the regulation could not be opened, hence grade D. The release says the national disability committee agreed on 4 June 2026 to raise it to 1,000 baht per person per month and that the ministry would put this to the cabinet, so the rise was not in force as of 29 June 2026. The release gives no rates by group (some, such as state welfare card holders, may receive more); check the regulation and any later cabinet decision before use.

800THB per person per month2026
CM-27ALevy an employer pays into the disability fund for each unfilled disability-quota job, 2023Employer hires a person with a disability under the quota instead of paying into the fund
ให้คํานวณจากอัตราต่ำสุดของอัตราค่าจ้างขั้นต่ำตามกฎหมายว่าด้วยการคุ้มครองแรงงาน (ค่าจ้างต่ำสุดของประเทศ) ที่ใช้บังคับครั้งหลังสุดในปีก่อนปีที่มีหน้าที่ส่งเงิน ... คูณด้วยสามร้อยหกสิบห้า ... เช่น ประจำปี 2566 จะใช้ 328 บาท x 365 วัน = 119,720 บาท ต่อคนพิการที่ไม่ได้รับเข้าทำงาน 1 คน

Source [119] · Method: Avoided cost · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula Lowest national minimum wage last in force in the previous year, THB 328 × 365 days

Note The 2023 example on the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities FAQ page (item 24). For other years, multiply the lowest national minimum wage last in force in the previous year by 365, as clause 5 of the 2011 ministerial regulation says. It is a transfer between employer and fund, not the social value of the job; use it only for the cost the employer avoids.

119,720THB per unfilled quota position per year2023
Tourism, culture and sport (20)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
CU-01AAverage spending of Thai visitors (overnight and same-day), whole kingdom, 2025More Thai visitors come to the area and spend money locally
[sheet ประเทศ] Internal Tourism in Whole Kingom | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Visitor | Thai | 2,646.19

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For valuing what Thai visitors spend locally per day. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use. The average blends overnight and same-day visitors.

2,646.19THB per person per day2025
CU-02AAverage spending of Thai overnight tourists, whole kingdom, 2025Thai tourists stay overnight in the area and spend money locally
[sheet ประเทศ] Internal Tourism in Whole Kingom | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Tourist | Thai | 3,167.77

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Multiply by days stayed for spending per trip; the same file gives an average stay of 2.22 days for Thais. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

3,167.77THB per person per day2025
CU-03AAverage spending of Thai excursionists (same-day visitors), whole kingdom, 2025Thai same-day visitors come to the area and spend money locally
[sheet ประเทศ] Internal Tourism in Whole Kingom | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Excursionist | Thai | 1,531.83

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Suits community tourism projects where most visitors come for the day; a same-day trip lasts one day, so this is close to spending per trip. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

1,531.83THB per person per day2025
CU-04ARevenue from Thai visitors per visit, counted by province, whole kingdom, 2025One more visit to the area by a Thai visitor
[sheet ประเทศ] Internal Tourism in Whole Kingom | January-December | 2025 | Visitor | Thai | 279,282,515 | Revenue ( Million Baht ) | Visitor | Thai | 1,181,210.55

Source [120] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 1,181,210.55 million ÷ 279,282,515 visitor trips

Note Use when the outcome is counted in visits; overnight and same-day visitors are blended. The ministry counts visitors province by province and the national total adds up the regions, so one trip through several provinces, or several trips by one person, count several times. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

4,229.45THB per person per visit2025
CU-05AAverage spending of Thai visitors, Bangkok, 2025More Thai visitors come to an area in Bangkok and spend money locally
[sheet กรุงเทพมหานคร] Internal tourism in Bangkok | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Visitor | Thai | 4,194.72

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

4,194.72THB per person per day2025
CU-06AAverage spending of Thai visitors, Central and Western regions (excluding Bangkok), 2025More Thai visitors come to an area in the Central or Western region and spend money locally
[sheet ภาคกลาง] Internal tourism in Central | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Visitor | Thai | 1,837.77

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use instead of the national average for projects in this region, which here covers the central and western provinces, such as Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi and Phetchaburi, but not Bangkok. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

1,837.77THB per person per day2025
CU-07AAverage spending of Thai visitors, Eastern region, 2025More Thai visitors come to an area in the Eastern region and spend money locally
[sheet ภาคตะวันออก] Internal tourism in East | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Visitor | Thai | 2,975.83

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

2,975.83THB per person per day2025
CU-08AAverage spending of Thai visitors, Northern region, 2025More Thai visitors come to an area in the Northern region and spend money locally
[sheet ภาคเหนือ] Internal Tourism in North | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Visitor | Thai | 2,685.85

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

2,685.85THB per person per day2025
CU-09AAverage spending of Thai visitors, North-eastern region, 2025More Thai visitors come to an area in the North-eastern region and spend money locally
[sheet ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ] Internal Tourism in North East | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Visitor | Thai | 1,536.06

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

1,536.06THB per person per day2025
CU-10AAverage spending of Thai visitors, Southern region, 2025More Thai visitors come to an area in the Southern region and spend money locally
[sheet ภาคใต้] Internal tourism in South | January-December | 2025 | Average Expenditure ( Baht/Person/Day ) | Visitor | Thai | 3,448.48

Source [120] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

3,448.48THB per person per day2025
CU-11AAverage per capita daily spending of international tourists in Thailand, 2025International tourists visit the area and spend money locally
[sheet Q1-Q4] TOURISM RECEIPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS | JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025 | Length of Stay (Days) | Per Capita Spending Baht/Day | Grand Total | 32,974,321 | 9.89 | 4,864.85 | 147.96 | 1,587,208.17 | 48,272.90

Source [121] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A national average over the whole stay (9.89 days on average), not spending in any one place; the same file breaks it down by nationality. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

4,864.85THB per person per day2025
CU-12ATourism receipts per international tourist arrival, 2025One additional international tourist arrival
[sheet Q1-Q4] TOURISM RECEIPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS | JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025 | No. of Arrivals | Tourism Receipts Mil. Baht | Grand Total | 32,974,321 | 9.89 | 4,864.85 | 147.96 | 1,587,208.17 | 48,272.90

Source [121] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 1,587,208.17 million ÷ 32,974,321 arrivals

Note For national or city-level projects that bring in extra international tourists. It covers spending over the whole trip across Thailand, not in the project area. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.

48,134.67THB per arrival2025
CU-13DMonthly membership fee, SAT Fitness Center (Sports Authority of Thailand)People gain regular access to an equipped gym
อัตราค่าบริการและการสมัครสมาชิก ค่าสมาชิกรายวัน 350 บาท ค่าบริการรายเดือน 1,500 บาท ค่าบริการราย 3 เดือน 3,900 บาท ค่าบริการราย 6 เดือน 7,200 บาท ค่าบริการรายปี 13,200 บาท

Source [122], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The official fee of the Sports Authority of Thailand's own fitness centre, so a single provider's price rather than a market average; private gym prices vary widely. The annual rate is THB 13,200, and people aged 15-18 or 60 and over get 50% off. The manual gives no effective date, so the year the file was posted (2026) is used.

1,500THB per person per month2026
CU-14DDay pass fee, SAT Fitness Center (Sports Authority of Thailand)A person uses an equipped gym for one day
อัตราค่าบริการและการสมัครสมาชิก ค่าสมาชิกรายวัน 350 บาท ค่าบริการรายเดือน 1,500 บาท

Source [122], p. 2 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The official day rate of the Sports Authority of Thailand's own fitness centre, so a single provider's price. Use when outcomes are counted in days of use; for regular users the monthly rate of THB 1,500 works out far lower per visit.

350THB per person per day2026
CU-15AAverage annual sport spending of surveyed people, summed over spending categories, 2025 (projected full year)A person takes part in sport or exercise throughout the year
โดยสรุปแล้ว ประชาชนกลุ่มตัวอย่างมีค่าเฉลี่ยของค่าใช้จ่ายด้านการกีฬาในปี 2568 เท่ากับ 8,892.98 บาทต่อคน ต่อปี เพิ่มขึ้นจาก 8,589.70 บาท ในปี 2567 อย่างชัดเจน

Source [123], p. 38 · Method: Revealed preference · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Covers shoes, equipment, clothing, food, travel and entry fees. Each category is averaged only over people who spent on it and the averages are added up, so the total overstates what a typical person spends. The 6,047 respondents were surveyed in two rounds in Bangkok and its vicinity and ten provinces; the report does not describe random sampling, and most are single (74.7%) and hold a bachelor's degree (56.1%).

8,892.98THB per person per year2025
CU-16AMaximum stated willingness to pay for sport, surveyed people, summed over spending categories, 2025A person gets the sport and exercise opportunities they want
นอกจากค่าใช้จ่ายที่จ่ายจริงแล้ว ค่าใช้จ่ายที่ยินดีจ่ายสูงสุดเพื่อการกีฬาของประชาชนกลุ่มตัวอย่าง ก็เพิ่มขึ้นในปี 2568 เช่นเดียวกัน โดยเพิ่มจาก 10,826.55 บาทต่อคนต่อปี ในปี 2567 เป็น 12,186.48 บาท ในปี 2568

Source [123], p. 38 · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Stated by respondents, and stated values tend to run higher than what people would actually pay. Like actual spending, it adds up category averages over those who answered each category and comes from the same 6,047 respondents, whom the report does not describe as a random sample. Pair it with actual spending of THB 8,892.98 in a sensitivity test.

12,186.48THB per person per year2025
CU-17DGap in estimated inpatient care cost per person per year between surveyed people who do not and who do play sport or exercise, 2025People take up sport or exercise, which is associated with fewer hospital admissions
ต้นทุนการให้บริการผู้ป่วยในของกลุ่มผู้เล่นกีฬา / ออกกาลังมีค่าเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 1,921.83 บาทต่อคนต่อปี ต่ากว่าค่าเฉลี่ยของกลุ่มผู้ไม่เล่นกีฬา / ออกกาลังกาย ซึ่งมีค่าเท่ากับ 2,392.07 บาทต่อคนต่อปี

Source [123], p. 44 · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 2,392.07 − THB 1,921.83 per person per year

Note The report multiplies surveyed admission rates (0.117 and 0.094 a year) by a unit cost of THB 20,445 per admission taken from another study, so this is an estimate built on that study, not a measured cost. The gap is an association from a survey, not a causal effect, and it is unstable: for 2024 the same table gives THB 3,107.64 against 1,799.16. Inpatient care only.

470.24THB per person per year2025
CU-18BExtra societal cost of past-month outpatient illness in physically inactive peopleWorkers meet physical activity guidelines and incur lower outpatient illness costs
Compared to active participants, direct and societal cost of past-month outpatient illness were 153 THB (4.18 USD) (95%CI: –54.7 to 360 THB) and 426 THB (11.7 USD) (95%CI: 23.3 to 829 THB) higher in physically inactive individuals, respectively, adjusted for covariates.

Source [124], p. 1 · Method: Avoided cost · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note An association, not a causal effect; the authors warn of reverse causation. Societal cost covers treatment, travel and absence from work. The sample is 277 Ministry of Public Health office workers surveyed in 2020-2021, costs are in 2022 prices, the confidence interval is wide (THB 23.3 to 829), and no significant difference was found for inpatient care.

426THB per person per month2022
CU-19BMean willingness to pay an entrance fee, Thai visitors, Chao Sam Phraya National MuseumPeople visit a museum and learn about their cultural heritage
2) ค่าเฉลี่ยของความเต็มใจที่จ่ายมีค่าเท่ากับ 48.28 บาทต่อคน

Source [125], p. 2 · Method: Willingness to pay · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A contingent valuation of 514 Thai visitors aged 18 and over, chosen by accidental (convenience) sampling at one museum in Ayutthaya, published as a peer-reviewed graduate conference paper. The paper does not date the survey, so 2025, the year of publication, is used. It is above the actual THB 30 fee.

48.28THB per person per visit2025
CU-20DEntrance fee for Thai nationals, Chao Sam Phraya National MuseumPeople visit a national museum
1) อัตราค่าธรรมเนียมการเข้าชมของผู้ถือสัญชาติไทยในปัจจุบัน คือ 30 บาท/คน ซึ่งต่ำกว่าค่าเฉลี่ยความเต็มใจที่จะจ่าย คือ 48.28 บาท/คน

Source [125], p. 9 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The official fee for Thai nationals at this one museum, so a single facility's price; it is read from a research paper rather than the Fine Arts Department's own notice, so check the department's current rate before use. It is subsidised, so it understates what visitors value.

30THB per person per visit2025
Welfare and public service costs (49)
CodeProxy and evidenceValue
WF-01DFY2570 (2026/27) budget appropriationTotal government budget (macro reference)
งบประมาณรายจ่ายประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570 ให้ตั้งเป็นจำนวนรวมทั้งสิ้น 3,788,000,000,000 บาท

Source [126] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note For scale or shares only. From news citing the budget act published in the Royal Gazette on 30 Sep 2026; the Gazette itself was not opened.

3,788,000,000,000THB per fiscal year2027
WF-04DStarting monthly salary, bachelor's-degree civil servant (from 1 May 2025)Value of public-sector staff time
1 พ.ค.2568 : 18,150-19,970 บาท (เพิ่มร้อยละ 10 จากปี 2567, ขั้นต่ำ 18,000 บาท)

Source [127] · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Range THB 18,150–19,970 by qualification. Excludes allowances and benefits, so the real cost to an agency is higher. Effective 1 May 2025.

18,150THB per person per month2025
WF-05DCivil service starting salary for a bachelor's degree, rate from 1 May 2025, × 12 monthsAnnual value of a newly appointed civil servant's time
1 พ.ค.2568 : 18,150-19,970 บาท (เพิ่มร้อยละ 10 จากปี 2567, ขั้นต่ำ 18,000 บาท)

Source [127] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula THB 18,150 × 12 months

Note Salary only, excluding benefits, pension contributions and medical cover. For a daily value, divide by a stated number of working days. Read from a Thai PBS news report citing the cabinet resolution of 28 November 2023, not from the Office of the Civil Service Commission's own salary table. The report gives the 2025 bachelor's starting range as THB 18,150 to 19,970; this value uses the bottom of the range.

217,800THB per person per year2025
WF-10DDomestic per diem on official travel for general grades (operational, experienced, senior), knowledge-worker grades (practitioner, professional, senior professional) and primary-level managerial postsDaily subsistence cost of official travel
ค่าเบี้ยเลี้ยง อัตรา ประเภทตำแหน่ง (บาท:วัน:คน) ตำแหน่งทั่วไป : ระปฏิบัติงาน, ชำนาญงาน และอาวุโส ตำหน่งวิชาการ : ระดับปฏิบัติการ, ชำนาญการ และชำนาญการพิเศษ 240 ตำแหน่งอำนวยการ : ระดับต้น

Source [94], p. 8 · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Higher grades (such as special-skill, expert, senior director and executive) get THB 270 a day. Read from a Department of Older Persons manual summarising the Ministry of Finance rules, not the rules themselves, hence grade D. The manual does not say when this rate was set; the year given is that of the regulation it cites. Check for later amendments before use.

240THB per person per day2007
WF-11DLump-sum lodging allowance on official travel for general grades (operational, experienced, senior), knowledge-worker grades (practitioner, professional, senior professional) and primary-level managerial postsAccommodation cost per night, official travel
กรณีเลือกเบิกในลักษณะเหมาจ่าย ให้เบิกได้ไม่เกินอัตรา ดังนี้ อัตรา ประเภทตำแหน่ง (บาท:วัน:คน) ตำแหน่งทั่วไป : ระปฏิบัติงาน, ชำนาญงาน และอาวุโส ตำหน่งวิชาการ : ระดับปฏิบัติการ, ชำนาญการ และชำนาญการพิเศษ 800 ตำแหน่งอำนวยการ : ระดับต้น

Source [94], p. 8 · Method: Market price · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note Higher grades: THB 1,200 lump sum. Actual-cost single rooms THB 1,500 to 2,500 by grade. Same caveat as WF-10.

800THB per person per night2007
WF-12DOfficial mileage rate, private carTravel cost avoided per km by private car
เงินชดเชยในการใช้พาหนะส่วนตัวในการเดินทางไปราชการ • รถยนต์ส่วนบุคคล กิโลเมตรละ 4 บาท

Source [94], p. 11 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Pairs with TR-06 (THB 2 per km by motorcycle). Use it to value trips no longer needed when a service moves online or closer to home. A flat allowance the government pays, not a measured operating cost. The year is that of Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0502/Wor 42 of 26 July 2007 on compensation, which the manual cites. Same caveat as WF-10.

4THB per km2007
WF-13AHeadline CPI annual average 2024 (2023=100)Rebase proxies to a common year
ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป 93.13 98.79 100.00 100.40 General Consumer Price Index

Source [128], p. 108 · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 11 Nov 2026

Note The Ministry of Commerce's Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO) compiles the index; the National Statistical Office reprints it in this table. The table prints a base-2023 series: 2021 = 93.13, 2022 = 98.79, 2023 = 100.00, 2024 = 100.40. 2021 and 2022 come before the base year and the table does not say how they were computed; both equal the base-2019 series (WF-14) linked at 2023 to within 0.01 (for example 100.37 ÷ 107.78 × 100 = 93.12), so they are linked back values, not measured on the 2023 base. The same table's change row prints 5.66% for 2022, which does not match the index levels (98.79 ÷ 93.13 is a 6.08% rise); use the levels, not that row. Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, and never mix values from this series and the base-2019 series (WF-14) in one calculation.

100.40index (2023 = 100)2024
WF-14AHeadline CPI 2023 (2019=100)Rebase proxies to a common year (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Ministry of Commerce's Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO): 2019 = 100.00, 2020 = 99.15, 2021 = 100.37, 2022 = 106.47, 2023 = 107.78 (2022–2023 preliminary). A different base from WF-13; never mix them.

107.78index (2019 = 100)2023
WF-15BConsumer price index 2025 (2023 = 100), rebased from the World Bank's 2025 and 2023 valuesRebase proxies to 2025
"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2025","value":122.401497502466 ... "countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2023","value":122.079005463035

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Derived from figures in the source · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Formula 122.401497502466 ÷ 122.079005463035 × 100 = 100.264, rounded to 100.26

Note Rebased from the World Bank's annual index levels (2010 = 100) for 2025 and 2023, giving 100.264, rounded to 100.26, because TPSO's release for 2025 prints only the change over the year (a 0.14% fall), not the annual average index. Rebased the same way, the World Bank series gives 2021 = 93.13, 2022 = 98.79 and 2024 = 100.40, as TPSO's base-2023 series does (WF-13). Use with WF-13 in the base-2023 series, and switch to TPSO's own figure once it can be opened.

100.26index (2023 = 100)2025
WF-16ABOT reference rate, 2025 annual average (THB per USD)Converting US-dollar values to baht, 2025
(หน่วย: บาท ต่อ 1 หน่วยเงินตราต่างประเทศ) 2568 1 อัตราอ้างอิง : ดอลลาร์สหรัฐ (USD) 32.8799

Source [131] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Converts US-dollar proxies to baht for the same year. On the page, choose the annual period and then the range of years. Earlier years in the same table: 2024 = 35.2952, 2023 = 34.8068, 2022 = 35.0653, 2021 = 31.9807, 2020 = 31.2955. BOT's EC_EI_027 table prints 35.49 for 2024, a preliminary average from January to the latest month available rather than the full-year average, so use this table instead.

32.8799THB per US dollar2025
WF-17AAverage commercial bank mid rate in Bangkok, pound sterling, 2025 annual averageConverting pound sterling values to baht, 2025
7 อังกฤษ : ปอนด์สเตอร์ลิง (GBP) 8 ซื้อตั๋วเงิน 42.7968 9 ซื้อเงินโอน 42.9170 10 ขาย 43.7295 11 อัตรากลาง 43.3233

Source [131] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Converts values borrowed from UK studies or databases to baht at the market rate. The market rate does not adjust for price levels; for transferred wellbeing values use the PPP rate (WF-21) and state the assumption. 2024 = 45.0944. Choose the annual period on the page.

43.3233THB per pound sterling2025
WF-18AAverage commercial bank mid rate in Bangkok, euro, 2025 annual averageConverting euro values to baht, 2025
12 ยูโรโซน : ยูโร (EUR) 13 ซื้อตั๋วเงิน 36.6545 14 ซื้อเงินโอน 36.7472 15 ขาย 37.4331 16 อัตรากลาง 37.0902

Source [131] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Converts proxies from European studies to baht at the market rate. Same price-level caveat as WF-17. 2024 = 38.1751. Choose the annual period on the page.

37.0902THB per euro2025
WF-19AHeadline CPI 2015 (2019 = 100)Rebasing values from 2013–2018 studies to current prices
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Values run from 2024 (no data yet) back to 2013: 2013 = 96.47, 2014 = 98.30, 2015 = 97.42, 2016 = 97.60, 2017 = 98.25, 2018 = 99.30. Same series as WF-14, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Ministry of Commerce's Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), so rebase to 2023 prices with × 107.78 ÷ the source-year index (the table marks 2022 to 2024 as preliminary). The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default; select 2013 to 2024, and never mix this series with the base-2023 one (WF-13).

97.42index (2019 = 100)2015
WF-20BPPP conversion factor, household final consumption, Thailand, 2024Adjusting foreign proxies to Thai purchasing power
{"indicator":{"id":"PA.NUS.PRVT.PP","value":"PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2024","value":10.9070137682603

Source [132] · Method: Conversion factor · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Baht that buy the household consumption one US dollar buys in the US (rounded from 10.9070137682603). Convert with value in baht = foreign value × (Thai PPP ÷ source-country PPP). The database notes that the latest ICP results were published on 30 May 2024; later years are estimates and may be revised. The 2025 value in the same database (date=2025) is 10.6063.

10.907THB per international dollar (PPP)2024
WF-21BHousehold-consumption PPP exchange rate, THB per pound sterling, 2024Converting wellbeing proxies borrowed from the UK to baht at purchasing power parity
"country":{"id":"GB","value":"United Kingdom"},"countryiso3code":"GBR","date":"2024","value":0.682739,"unit":"","obs_status":"","decimal":2},{"indicator":{"id":"PA.NUS.PRVT.PP","value":"PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2024","value":10.9070137682603

Source [132] · Method: Derived · Derived from figures in the source · Conversion factor, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Formula 10.9070137682603 (Thailand PPP) ÷ 0.682739 (UK PPP) = 15.975

Note Far below the market rate (THB 45.09 per pound in 2024, see the note to WF-17) because Thai prices are lower. Use it for wellbeing values borrowed from UK databases so they are not overstated, and consider a further adjustment for the income gap. 2025 from the same series (date=2025): 10.6062585640682 ÷ 0.701529 = 15.12.

15.98THB per pound sterling (PPP)2024
WF-22BBase-case discount rate recommended by Thailand's HTA guidelineDiscounting future costs and outcomes to present value (health economic evaluation)
การวิเคราะห์กรณีฐาน (base case analysis) ควรใช้อัตราลดสำหรับต้นทุนและผลลัพธ์ทางสุขภาพที่ เท่ากัน โดยเสนอแนะให้ใช้อัตราลดร้อยละ 3 ทั้งนี้ เพราะประเทศไทยยังคงระดับเกณฑ์ความคุ้มค่า (cost-effectiveness threshold) ในปัจจุบันที่ 160,000 บาท

Source [133], p. 124 · Method: Conversion factor · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Apply the same rate to costs and outcomes and test 0 to 6% in sensitivity analysis when the time horizon is 30 years or less (p. 124). It is guidance for health technology appraisals, not a social discount rate the state sets for all projects, and no rate set by NESDC or the Budget Bureau was found, so pair it with sensitivity tests.

3percent per year2021
WF-23BADB minimum discount rate for social sector, poverty-targeting and environmental projectsDiscounting future benefits of social projects to present value
control, control of deforestation, and disaster risk management), a lower discount rate of 6% can be applied as the minimum required EIRR.20 When the lower rate is used, a clear rationale should be provided.

Source [134], p. 67 · Method: Conversion factor · Percentage, not a money value · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note The sentence starts on p. 66: it covers social sector projects, selected poverty-targeting projects (such as rural roads and rural electrification) and projects that primarily generate environmental benefits, and a clear rationale is required when it is used. For other investment projects such as transport and energy ADB uses 9% (p. 66). It is ADB practice, not a rate set by the Thai government; use it as a sensitivity case alongside 3% (WF-22).

6percent per year2017
WF-24DMax meal rate, type B training, government venue, all meals providedDaily meal cost per government trainee, government venue
สำหรับการฝึกอบรมข้าราชการ (ตามหนังสือกระทรวงการคลัง ด่วนที่สุด ที่ กค 0406.4/ว5 ลงวันที่ 14 มกราคม 2556 เรื่อง มาตรการบรรเทาผลกระทบจากการปรับอัตราค่าจ้างขั้นต่ำปี 2556) ประเภทการ สถานที่ราชการ สถานที่เอกชน ฝึกอบรม จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ ประเภท ก. ไม่เกิน 600 ไม่เกิน 850 ไม่เกิน 850 ไม่เกิน 1,200 ประเภท ข. ไม่เกิน 400 ไม่เกิน 600 ไม่เกิน 700 ไม่เกิน 950

Source [135], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note A ceiling under Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/Wor 5 (14 Jan 2013), not a market price. Not all meals: THB 400; type A, all meals: THB 850. The table prints no unit; it is read as per person per day because the rate depends on whether all meals are provided. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance letter itself could not be opened, hence grade D. Check for amendments after 2013 before use.

600THB per person per day2013
WF-25DMax meal rate, type B training, private venue, all meals providedDaily meal cost per government trainee, private venue
สำหรับการฝึกอบรมข้าราชการ (ตามหนังสือกระทรวงการคลัง ด่วนที่สุด ที่ กค 0406.4/ว5 ลงวันที่ 14 มกราคม 2556 เรื่อง มาตรการบรรเทาผลกระทบจากการปรับอัตราค่าจ้างขั้นต่ำปี 2556) ประเภทการ สถานที่ราชการ สถานที่เอกชน ฝึกอบรม จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ ประเภท ก. ไม่เกิน 600 ไม่เกิน 850 ไม่เกิน 850 ไม่เกิน 1,200 ประเภท ข. ไม่เกิน 400 ไม่เกิน 600 ไม่เกิน 700 ไม่เกิน 950

Source [135], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Not all meals: THB 700; type A, all meals: THB 1,200, under Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/Wor 5 (14 Jan 2013). Same unit caveat as WF-24. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance letter itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

950THB per person per day2013
WF-26DMax meal rate, training for non-government participants, government venue, all meals providedDaily meal cost per community trainee, government venue
สำหรับการฝึกอบรมบุคคลภายนอก (ระเบียบว่าด้วยค่าใช้จ่ายในการฝึกอบรมฯ พ.ศ.2549 และที่แก้ไขเพิ่มเติม (ฉบับที่ 3) พ.ศ.2555 ประเภทการ สถานที่ราชการ สถานที่เอกชน ฝึกอบรม จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ บุคคลภายนอก ไม่เกิน 300 ไม่เกิน 500 ไม่เกิน 600 ไม่เกิน 800

Source [135], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Training for non-government participants means more than half the trainees are not public personnel, such as youth, village health volunteers or older people (PDF p. 25). Not all meals: THB 300. A ceiling under the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012); same unit caveat as WF-24. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

500THB per person per day2012
WF-27DMax meal rate, training for non-government participants, private venue, all meals providedDaily meal cost per community trainee, private venue
สำหรับการฝึกอบรมบุคคลภายนอก (ระเบียบว่าด้วยค่าใช้จ่ายในการฝึกอบรมฯ พ.ศ.2549 และที่แก้ไขเพิ่มเติม (ฉบับที่ 3) พ.ศ.2555 ประเภทการ สถานที่ราชการ สถานที่เอกชน ฝึกอบรม จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ จัดไม่ครบมื้อ จัดครบมื้อ บุคคลภายนอก ไม่เกิน 300 ไม่เกิน 500 ไม่เกิน 600 ไม่เกิน 800

Source [135], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Not all meals: THB 600. A ceiling under the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012); same unit and scope caveats as WF-24 and WF-26. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

800THB per person per day2012
WF-28DMax lump-sum food allowance for non-government trainees when no meals are providedDaily food allowance for a community trainee when the organiser provides no meals
1. ค่าอาหาร(ค่าเบี้ยเลี้ยง) - ไม่จัดอาหารทั้ง 3 มื้อ เหมาจ่ายได้ ไม่เกินคนละ 240 บาท/วัน - จัดอาหารให้ 1 มื้อ เหมาจ่ายได้ ไม่เกินคนละ 160 บาท/วัน - จัดอาหารให้ 2 มื้อ เหมาจ่ายได้ ไม่เกินคนละ 80 บาท/วัน 2. ค่าเช่าที่พัก เหมาจ่ายไม่เกินคนละ 500 บาท/วัน

Source [135], p. 25 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note With one meal provided: THB 160; with two: THB 80. Raised from THB 120 in the 2006 rules to THB 240 in amendment No. 3 of 2012 (PDF p. 16). A ceiling the state pays, not what trainees actually spend. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

240THB per person per day2012
WF-29DMax lump-sum lodging allowance for non-government traineesNightly lodging allowance for a community trainee when the organiser provides none
1. ค่าอาหาร(ค่าเบี้ยเลี้ยง) - ไม่จัดอาหารทั้ง 3 มื้อ เหมาจ่ายได้ ไม่เกินคนละ 240 บาท/วัน - จัดอาหารให้ 1 มื้อ เหมาจ่ายได้ ไม่เกินคนละ 160 บาท/วัน - จัดอาหารให้ 2 มื้อ เหมาจ่ายได้ ไม่เกินคนละ 80 บาท/วัน 2. ค่าเช่าที่พัก เหมาจ่ายไม่เกินคนละ 500 บาท/วัน

Source [135], p. 25 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Applies when the agency pays trainees a lump-sum lodging allowance; if the organiser books rooms, use WF-30. A ceiling under the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012). Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

500THB per person per day2012
WF-30DMax twin-room rate per person, training for non-government participantsRoom cost per community trainee per night when the organiser books rooms
1. ตามระเบียบว่าด้วยค่าใช้จ่ายในการฝึกอบรม ฯ พ.ศ. 2549 และที่แก้ไขเพิ่มเติม (ฉบับที่ 3) พ.ศ. 2555 การฝึกอบรม เกณฑ์กรมบัญชีกลาง ค่าเช่าห้องพักคนเดียว ค่าเช่าห้องพักคู่ (บาท: คน : วัน) (บาท: คน : วัน) บุคคลภายนอก ไม่เกิน 1,200 ไม่เกิน 750

Source [135], p. 22 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Single room: THB 1,200. The rules default to shared rooms unless that is unsuitable or there is good reason (PDF p. 22). A ceiling on actual spending, not a market room rate. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023), which summarises the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

750THB per person per day2012
WF-31DMax twin-room rate per person, type B trainingRoom cost per government trainee per night
2. หนังสือกระทรวงการคลัง ด่วนที่สุด ที่ กค 0406.4/ว5 ลงวันที่ 14 มกราคม 2556 เรื่อง มาตรการบรรเทาผลกระทบจากการปรับอัตราค่าจ้างขั้นต่ำปี 2556 การฝึกอบรม เกณฑ์กรมบัญชีกลาง ค่าเช่าห้องพักคนเดียว ค่าเช่าห้องพักคู่ (บาท: คน : วัน) (บาท: คน : วัน) ประเภท ก. ไม่เกิน 2,400 ไม่เกิน 1,300 ประเภท ข. ไม่เกิน 1,450 ไม่เกิน 900

Source [135], p. 22 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Single room: THB 1,450; type A: twin THB 1,300, single THB 2,400, under Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/Wor 5 (14 Jan 2013). A ceiling on actual spending, not a market room rate. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance letter itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

900THB per person per day2013
WF-32DMax meal rate for official meetingsMeal cost per participant in an official meeting
(1) ค่าอาหารว่างและเครื่องดื่ม (1.1) อบรม/ประชุมในสถานที่ราชการเบิกได้ไม่เกิน 35 บาทต่อมื้อต่อคน (1.2) อบรม/ประชุมในสถานที่เอกชนเบิกได้ไม่เกิน 50 บาทต่อมื้อต่อคน (2) ค่าอาหารในการประชุมเบิกได้ไม่เกิน 120 บาทต่อมื้อต่อคน

Source [135], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Under Cabinet Secretariat letter Nor Ror 0506.4/Wor 24 (6 Feb 2013), which endorses Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/840 (16 Jan 2013). Combine with refreshments (WF-34) for a cost per participant. A ceiling, not a market price. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the letters themselves could not be opened, hence grade D.

120THB per person per meal2013
WF-33DOfficial overtime pay on working daysValue of public staff overtime
1. การปฏิบัติงานนอกเวลาราชการในวันทำการ ให้มีสิทธิเบิกเงินตอบแทนได้ไม่เกินวันละ 4 ชั่วโมง ในอัตราชั่วโมงละ 50 บาท (วันละไม่เกิน 200 บาท) 2. การปฏิบัติงานในวันหยุดราชการ ให้มีสิทธิเบิกเงินตอบแทนได้ไม่เกินวันละ 7 ชั่วโมง ในอัตราชั่วโมงละ 60 บาท (วันละไม่เกิน 420 บาท)

Source [136], p. 6 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note At most 4 hours a day on working days; holidays: THB 60 an hour for up to 7 hours. A flat rate that ignores salary, so it understates the real cost of staff time; treat it as a floor. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on overtime pay (May 2022), which summarises the Ministry of Finance overtime rules of 2007; the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.

50THB per hour2007
WF-34DMax refreshments per person per break, training or meeting at a government venueRefreshment cost per participant in training or a meeting, government venue
(1) ค่าอาหารว่างและเครื่องดื่ม (1.1) อบรม/ประชุมในสถานที่ราชการเบิกได้ไม่เกิน 35 บาทต่อมื้อต่อคน (1.2) อบรม/ประชุมในสถานที่เอกชนเบิกได้ไม่เกิน 50 บาทต่อมื้อต่อคน

Source [135], p. 21 · Method: Market price · checked 1 Nov 2026

Note Private venue: THB 50 per person per break, under Cabinet Secretariat letter Nor Ror 0506.4/Wor 24 (6 Feb 2013), which endorses Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/840 (16 Jan 2013). A ceiling, not a market price; combine with meals (WF-32). Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the letters themselves could not be opened, hence grade D.

35THB per person per break2013
WF-35AHeadline consumer price index, 2011 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

91.65index (2019 = 100)2011
WF-36AHeadline consumer price index, 2012 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

94.41index (2019 = 100)2012
WF-37AHeadline consumer price index, 2013 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

96.47index (2019 = 100)2013
WF-38AHeadline consumer price index, 2014 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

98.30index (2019 = 100)2014
WF-39AHeadline consumer price index, 2016 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

97.60index (2019 = 100)2016
WF-40AHeadline consumer price index, 2017 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

98.25index (2019 = 100)2017
WF-41AHeadline consumer price index, 2018 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

99.30index (2019 = 100)2018
WF-42AHeadline consumer price index, 2019 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

100.00index (2019 = 100)2019
WF-43AHeadline consumer price index, 2020 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

99.15index (2019 = 100)2020
WF-44AHeadline consumer price index, 2021 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used.

100.37index (2019 = 100)2021
WF-45AHeadline consumer price index, 2022 annual average (2019 = 100)Rebase proxy values across years with the CPI (base-2019 series)
3.1 ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภคทั่วไป (2562=100) .... 107.78 106.47 100.37 99.15 100.00 99.30 98.25 97.60 97.42 98.30 96.47 94.41 91.65

Source [129] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Annual average of the headline CPI, base-2019 series, which the Bank of Thailand republishes from the Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce, in its macro indicators table (last updated 31 Jan 2025). Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source, using indices of the same base only. The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default, so choose the start year (the quote runs from 2024 back to 2011); the same row's values for 2010 and earlier are on a different base (the table gives a 3.81% change for 2011, but the printed indices give 1.1%), so they are not used. The table marks this year as preliminary (p).

106.47index (2019 = 100)2022
WF-46BThailand consumer price index, 2004 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2004","value":82.8108439018472

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%).

82.81index (2010 = 100)2004
WF-47BThailand consumer price index, 2005 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2005","value":86.5707619496003

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%).

86.57index (2010 = 100)2005
WF-48BThailand consumer price index, 2006 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2006","value":90.5854588383715

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%).

90.59index (2010 = 100)2006
WF-49BThailand consumer price index, 2007 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2007","value":92.615968995577

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%).

92.62index (2010 = 100)2007
WF-50BThailand consumer price index, 2008 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2008","value":97.6806635321804

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%).

97.68index (2010 = 100)2008
WF-51BThailand consumer price index, 2009 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2009","value":96.854562441607

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%).

96.85index (2010 = 100)2009
WF-52BThailand consumer price index, 2010 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2010","value":99.9999999999999

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%).

100.00index (2010 = 100)2010
WF-53BThailand consumer price index, 2011 (2010 = 100), World Bank seriesRebase proxy values across years with the CPI (World Bank base-2010 series)
{"indicator":{"id":"FP.CPI.TOTL","value":"Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2011","value":103.811916945583

Source [130] · Method: Conversion factor · Index for rebasing, not a money value · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Thailand's annual consumer price index as published by the World Bank, on a 2010 = 100 base (data last updated 8 Oct 2026), used for 2004 to 2010 because the Bank of Thailand table's values for those years are on another base despite its 2019 = 100 label. 2011 is in both this series and the Bank of Thailand rows (2019 = 100) and links them: base-2019 index = this index × 91.65 ÷ 103.81. Linked this way it matches the BOT table for 2011 to 2023 to within 0.01, but for 2004 to 2010 its year-on-year changes differ from those the BOT table prints by up to 0.06 percentage point (2004: 2.76% against 2.70%). This row is there as the link year.

103.81index (2010 = 100)2011
WF-54ADomestic per diem, lump sum, general grades up to senior level and academic grades up to senior professionalDaily subsistence cost of official travel
บัญชีหมายเลข ๒ อัตราเบี้ยเลี้ยงเดินทางไปราชการในราชอาณาจักร ในลักษณะเหมาจ่าย อัตรา ข้าราชการ (บาท : วัน : คน) ผู้ดำรงตำแหน่งประเภททั่วไประดับอาวุโส ลงมา ตำแหน่งประเภทวิชาการระดับ ๒๔๐

Source [137], p. 4 · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Lump-sum rate in Schedule 2, which the 2011 amendment put in place of the 2007 regulation's schedule, listing positions under the new civil service position types; special-skill, expert and higher, senior director and executive grades get THB 270 a day. A rate set by the state, not a measured cost, read from the Royal Gazette file as hosted by Naresuan University because the Gazette site refuses automated access. Amendment No. 3 of 2022 (in force from 1 July 2022) replaced Schedules 2 and 3 again and could not be opened for this check, so use this rate for 2011 to June 2022 and check the 2022 schedule before using it for later years.

240THB per person per day2011
WF-55ALump-sum lodging allowance for domestic official travel, general grades up to senior level and academic grades up to senior professional (ceiling)Accommodation cost per night, official travel
(๒) กรณีเลือกเบิกในลักษณะเหมาจ่าย ให้เบิกได้ไม่เกินอัตรา ดังนี้ อัตรา ข้าราชการ (บาท : วัน : คน) ผู้ดำรงตำแหน่งประเภททั่วไประดับอาวุโส ลงมา ตำแหน่งประเภทวิชาการ ๘๐๐

Source [137], p. 6 · Method: Market price · checked 10 Nov 2026

Note Lump-sum ceiling in Schedule 3 (2), which the 2011 amendment put in place of the 2007 regulation's schedule; the schedule prints the unit as baht per day per person. Special-skill, expert and higher, senior director and executive grades get up to THB 1,200, and actual-cost single rooms are capped at THB 1,500 to 2,500 by grade. A rate set by the state, not a market price, read from the Royal Gazette file as hosted by Naresuan University because the Gazette site refuses automated access. Amendment No. 3 of 2022 (in force from 1 July 2022) replaced Schedules 2 and 3 again and could not be opened for this check, so use this rate for 2011 to June 2022 and check the 2022 schedule before using it for later years.

800THB per person per night2011

Table 3. Source grades

GradeKind of sourceWhat it covers
AOfficial statistics or rates set in lawPublished by the Thai state body that owns the figure or compiles the official statistics, such as the NSO, the Bank of Thailand, the Wage Committee, NHSO, SSO, TGO or OAE.
BResearch with Thai figuresPeer-reviewed studies, international bodies or Thai research institutes, such as TDRI, PIER and HITAP.
CProfessional and published reportsReports by NGOs, foundations, professional bodies, or published SROI reports with Thai values.
DMarket prices, news or derived valuesOne provider's or one facility's price, an official figure read from news or another body's document, or a value derived with assumptions.

Table 4. Values left out

CodeValueWhy it was left out
EN-01Average traded T-VER carbon credit price, FY2025TGO's article could not be reopened and the carbon market portal blocks automated access
EN-02Highest traded forestry carbon credit priceSame reason as EN-01
CM-09Foster family support grantThe Public Relations Department page returned errors when reopened
CM-10Disability allowance, aged 18 or overThe Public Relations Department page returned errors; the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities page should be used instead
CM-11Disability allowance, under 18Same reason as CM-10
WF-02Registered population, 31 Dec 2025The news page returned errors; the Central Registration Office notice should be used instead
WF-03Budget per head of populationDerived from WF-02, so removed with it
WF-06Speaker fee ceiling for state-employee speakers under the training expense regulationThe first edition read it from an undated slide deck that names no regulation; on re-checking, its table cannot be read unambiguously, so it is withdrawn until it can be read from the Ministry of Finance regulation itself.
WF-07Speaker fee ceiling for non-state speakers under the training expense regulationThe first edition read it from an undated slide deck that names no regulation; on re-checking, its table cannot be read unambiguously, so it is withdrawn until it can be read from the Ministry of Finance regulation itself.
WF-08Refreshments per participant, government venueThe first edition read it from an undated slide deck that names no regulation; on re-checking, its table cannot be read unambiguously, so it is withdrawn. This edition uses WF-34 instead, read from the Department of Older Persons' manual, which cites the Ministry of Finance letter.
WF-09Refreshments per participant, private venueSame reason as WF-08. The private-venue rate is given in the note to WF-34.

At publication a further 129 values were still being searched for; they are not in this edition.

References

  1. [1]National Health Security Board (NHSO), via the government law portal. ประกาศคณะกรรมการหลักประกันสุขภาพแห่งชาติ เรื่อง การดำเนินงานและการบริหารจัดการกองทุนหลักประกันสุขภาพแห่งชาติ และค่าใช้จ่ายเพื่อบริการสาธารณสุข ประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570 พ.ศ. 2569 (ข้อ 9). https://dga-backoffice-upload.law.go.th/dga-backoffice-api/dga-storage/uploads/20261012174125434_24be495277fb.pdf Used for HL-01, HL-02, HL-03, HL-04, HL-32
  2. [2]Thai PBS, citing NHSO and the cabinet. ปรับลดงบ “30บาทรักษาทุกที่” เหลือ 4,175.99 บาท/คน (Policy Watch ไทยพีบีเอส, 6 ก.พ. 2568). https://policywatch.thaipbs.or.th/article/life-96 Used for HL-05
  3. [3]Radio Thailand Sukhothai, Public Relations Department, citing NHSO. สปสช. แจ้งข่าวดี อปท. ทั่วประเทศ ปี 67 เพิ่มงบเหมาจ่าย "ผู้ที่มีภาวะพึ่งพิง" 10,442 บาท. https://radiosukhothai.prd.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/2367/iid/300628 Used for HL-06
  4. [4]Thai PBS, citing the Comptroller General's Department. คุมไม่อยู่! งบสวัสดิการรักษาพยาบาลข้าราชการ พุ่งทะลุแสนล้าน (Policy Watch ไทยพีบีเอส, 24 ต.ค. 2569). https://policywatch.thaipbs.or.th/article/life-400 Used for HL-07
  5. [5]Injury Prevention Division, Department of Disease Control (2007 Department of Highways cost base). สถานการณ์อุบัติเหตุทางถนนของประเทศไทย (สไลด์ข้อมูล ปี 2560-2564). https://ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/publish/1359020221215035948.pdf Used for HL-08, HL-09, TR-07, TR-08
  6. [6]Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program Foundation (HITAP), in the Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI) repository. เพดานความคุ้มค่าของบัญชียาหลักแห่งชาติ: อดีต ปัจจุบัน และอนาคต (HITAP Policy Brief ปีที่ 13 ฉบับที่ 205, กรกฎาคม 2568). https://kb.hsri.or.th/server/api/core/bitstreams/867a4e29-1fc3-480b-8d39-88b409b668ad/content Used for HL-10
  7. [7]Jomnonkwao et al., Suranaree University of Technology (PLOS ONE). Factors influencing willingness to pay for accident risk reduction among personal car drivers in Thailand (PLOS ONE 16(11): e0260666, 2021). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0260666 Used for HL-11, HL-12
  8. [8]Tozan et al., Mahidol University and Heidelberg University (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases). Household costs of hospitalized dengue illness in semi-rural Thailand (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11(9): e0005961, 2017). https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005961 Used for HL-13, HL-14
  9. [9]Chiang Mai University (Frontiers in Endocrinology). Economic Burdens for Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in North Thailand: A Hospital-Based Observational Study (Frontiers in Endocrinology 13: 824545, 2022). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.824545/full Used for HL-15
  10. [10]Thai CaseMix Centre (TCMC) (Khiaocharoen et al.), in the Journal of Health Systems Research, Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI). วิธีวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนรายโรคสำหรับประเทศไทย: วิธีต้นทุนจุลภาค (Unit Cost per Disease Methodology for Thailand: Micro-Costing Method), วารสารวิจัยระบบสาธารณสุข ปีที่ 14 ฉบับที่ 2 (2563) หน้า 156-174. https://kb.hsri.or.th/server/api/core/bitstreams/c90bcf95-013c-47fd-9f19-6fa1df422c0b/content Used for HL-16, HL-17, HL-25, HL-26, HL-27
  11. [11]Aramrat et al., Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and HITAP (BMC Primary Care). Costs of the HEARTS hypertension program in primary care in Lampang province, Thailand (BMC Primary Care 26: 120, 2025). https://bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-025-02824-y Used for HL-18
  12. [12]Kumluang et al. (BMJ Open), copy in the University of Glasgow repository. Stroke resource utilisation and all-cause mortality in Thailand 2017–2020: a retrospective, cross-sectional study (BMJ Open 13(6): e072259, 2023). https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/298568/ Used for HL-19
  13. [13]Luangsinsiri et al., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University (Global Health Research and Policy). Economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2021 (Global Health Research and Policy 8: 51, 2023). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10712089/ Used for HL-20, HL-21
  14. [14]Songkhla Provincial Public Health Office (J. Health Sci Ped, a peer-reviewed Thai journal). การบริหารต้นทุนบริการของโรงพยาบาลชุมชน จังหวัดสงขลา (Service Cost Management for Community Hospitals in Songkhla Province), วารสารศาสตร์สุขภาพและการศึกษา ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 1 (2566) หน้า 28-45. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JHSP/article/view/260788 Used for HL-22, HL-23
  15. [15]Khon Kaen Provincial Public Health Office (JKKPHO, a peer-reviewed journal). การวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนบริการของโรงพยาบาลส่งเสริมสุขภาพตำบล ในสังกัดสำนักงานสาธารณสุขจังหวัดขอนแก่น (The Unit Cost Analysis of Tambon Health Promoting Hospital under supervision of Khon Kaen Provincial Health Office), วารสารสำนักงานสาธารณสุขจังหวัดขอนแก่น ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 2 (2564) หน้า 164-176. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jkkpho/article/view/247153 Used for HL-24
  16. [16]Prasartpornsirichoke et al., Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (BMC Public Health). The prevalence and economic burden of treatment-resistant depression in Thailand (BMC Public Health 23, 2023). https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16477-y Used for HL-28, HL-29
  17. [17]Sukmak and Thongkam (Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand). Costs of Inpatient Care for Schizophrenia at Khon Kaen Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital (Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand 58(4): 421-432). https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JPAT/article/view/21407 Used for HL-30
  18. [18]Supeeranun et al. (Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, Department of Mental Health). Unit cost of mental health services of Mental Health Department 2004 (วารสารสุขภาพจิตแห่งประเทศไทย ปีที่ 15 ฉบับที่ 1 หน้า 1-9). https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmht/article/view/1301 Used for HL-31
  19. [19]National Statistical Office (NSO). การสำรวจภาวะเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของครัวเรือน พ.ศ. 2568 (หัวข้อ 3.3.5 ภาพ 3.5 ค่าใช้จ่ายเฉลี่ยต่อเดือนของครัวเรือน จำแนกตามประเภทค่าใช้จ่าย หน้า 24 ตามเลขหน้าที่พิมพ์). https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/storage/survey_detail/2026/20260505141117_96690.pdf Used for HL-33, ED-10, EM-08, EM-09, EM-10, DI-04, TR-09, TR-10
  20. [20]Social Security Office (SSO), Ministry of Labour. กรณีคลอดบุตร (หลักเกณฑ์และเงื่อนไขการเกิดสิทธิ). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_691/233_233 Used for HL-34, HL-35
  21. [21]Social Security Office (SSO), Ministry of Labour. สิทธิประโยชน์กรณีประสบอันตรายหรือเจ็บป่วย อันไม่ใช่เนื่องจากการทำงาน (หัวข้อกรณีทันตกรรม). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_690/605_605 Used for HL-36, HL-37, EM-12, EM-13
  22. [22]SSO Medical Committee, published by the Social Security Office. มติการประชุมคณะกรรมการการแพทย์ กองทุนประกันสังคม (ชุดที่ 17) ครั้งที่ 8/2568 วันจันทร์ที่ 15 ธันวาคม 2568 (เรื่อง 5). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/Upload/sso/2026-02-026482.pdf Used for HL-38
  23. [23]SSO Medical Committee, published by the Social Security Office. มติการประชุมคณะกรรมการการแพทย์ กองทุนประกันสังคม (ชุดที่ 17) ครั้งที่ 5/2569 วันจันทร์ที่ 20 เมษายน 2569 (วาระสืบเนื่อง เรื่องที่ 1). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/Upload/sso/2026-06-131131.pdf Used for HL-39
  24. [24]Social Security Office (SSO), Ministry of Labour. สิทธิประโยชน์และเงื่อนไขการเกิดสิทธิขอรับประโยชน์ทดแทนมาตรา 40 (กรณีประสบอันตรายหรือเจ็บป่วย). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_698/249_249 Used for HL-40, EM-26, CM-25
  25. [25]Thai Post, carrying a Social Security Office press release. บอร์ดแพทย์ สปส. พร้อมเพิ่มสิทธิรักษาพยาบาลรวดเร็ว เน้นคุณภาพการรักษา ครอบคลุมทุกโรค ทุกช่วงวัย (12 ก.ย. 2567). https://www.thaipost.net/public-relations-news/655128/ Used for HL-41, HL-42
  26. [26]International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health. National Health Accounts 2023 (NHA 2023 Web 2026.10.16), sheet "HC-HCR xFA 2023": Total expenditure on health including health-related functions (2023), row "Total recurent expenditure on health", cells O17 (Household) and R17 (Total). https://www.ihppthaigov.net/sa22/download/NHA%202023%20Web%202026.10.16.xlsx Used for HL-43
  27. [27]Ban Bang Khae Social Welfare Development Centre for Older Persons, Department of Older Persons. ประเภทเสียค่าบริการแบบหอพัก. https://banbangkhae.dop.go.th/download/aboutus/20_1774255954_th_0.pdf Used for HL-44
  28. [28]Bureau of Basic Education Policy and Plan, Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC), Ministry of Education. แนวทางการดำเนินงานตามโครงการสนับสนุนค่าใช้จ่ายในการจัดการศึกษาตั้งแต่ระดับอนุบาลจนจบการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570. https://storage.bopp.go.th/plan/web-bopp/documents/2026/10/20261022154412-b964037f--2570-.pdf Used for ED-01, ED-02, ED-03, ED-04, ED-05, ED-15, ED-16, ED-17, ED-18, ED-19, ED-20, ED-21, ED-22, ED-23, ED-24, ED-25, ED-35, ED-36, ED-37
  29. [29]Equitable Education Fund (EEF). โครงการจัดสรรเงินอุดหนุนแบบมีเงื่อนไข (ทุนเสมอภาค 2569) Conditional Cash Transfer. https://www.eef.or.th/fund/support-poor-students/ Used for ED-06
  30. [30]Department of Local Administration (DLA), Ministry of Interior. แนวทางการบริหารงบประมาณ เงินอุดหนุนทั่วไป ด้านการศึกษาขององค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น ประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570 (แนบท้ายหนังสือกรมส่งเสริมการปกครองท้องถิ่น ด่วนที่สุด ที่ มท 0816.2/ว 5721 ลงวันที่ 9 ตุลาคม 2569). https://www.dla.go.th/download/OfficialDocFile/20261012/5C392883-7FBA-2571-0AA4-85DE9D6EFB4B_%B9%CA.%CA%B6._%B7%D5%E8_%C1%B7_0816.2_%C7_5721_%C5%C7._9_%B5.%A4.69%281%29.pdf?notDownload=Y Used for ED-07, ED-08, ED-32, ED-33, ED-34
  31. [31]Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research (PIER), Bank of Thailand. Beyond Mincer: Revisiting the Returns to Education in Thailand (PIER Discussion Paper No. 266, revised 7 Oct 2026), Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat & Lusi Liao; ข้อมูล LFS ไตรมาส 3 ปี 2001–2024. https://www.pier.or.th/files/dp/pier_dp_266.pdf Used for ED-09
  32. [32]Equitable Education Fund (EEF). เปิดภาระค่าใช้จ่ายการศึกษา รับเปิดเทอม พบ กทม. สูงกว่าทั้งประเทศ 2 เท่า (วิเคราะห์จาก SES 2564 ของ สสช.). https://www.eef.or.th/news-120522/ Used for ED-11
  33. [33]Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus (Registrar). ประกาศมหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ เรื่อง การชำระค่าธรรมเนียมการศึกษาและการลงทะเบียนเรียน ประจำภาคการศึกษาที่ 1 ปีการศึกษา 2568 (วิทยาเขตปัตตานี) ข้อ 2.3. https://regist.pn.psu.ac.th/documents/regist/fee_regist1-2568.pdf Used for ED-12, ED-13
  34. [34]Student Loan Fund (SLF). กยศ. แถลงผลการดำเนินงานที่สำคัญปี 2568 ปล่อยกู้แล้ว 5.8 แสนราย วงเงิน 3.7 หมื่นล้านบาท เดินหน้าคำนวณหนี้ใหม่ - ปรับโครงสร้างหนี้ออนไลน์ (ข่าวแถลง 18 กันยายน 2568). https://www.studentloan.or.th/th/system/files/files/news/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%20%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8.%2018%20%E0%B8%81.%E0%B8%A2.68.pdf Used for ED-14
  35. [35]Equitable Education Fund (EEF). The State of Equity in Thai Human Development: 5 ข้อค้นพบ ปลดล็อกวิกฤตทุนมนุษย์ สู่อนาคตที่เสมอภาค (ข้อค้นพบที่ 5 การศึกษาไทยที่ "ฟรี" ไม่จริง). https://www.eef.or.th/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/The-State-of-Thai-Human-Development.pdf Used for ED-26
  36. [36]Equitable Education Fund (EEF). ประกาศทุนนวัตกรรมสายอาชีพชั้นสูง ปี 2569. https://www.eef.or.th/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A82569.pdf Used for ED-27
  37. [37]Equitable Education Fund (EEF). 5 ทุนการแบบมุ่งเป้า สร้างโอกาสเพื่อเด็กและเยาวชน พัฒนาเต็มศักยภาพ. https://www.eef.or.th/infographic-140725/ Used for ED-28
  38. [38]Equitable Education Fund (EEF). จากข้อมูลเยี่ยมบ้าน สู่สะพานเชื่อมโอกาส 'ทุนก้าวเพื่อน้อง' พลิกชีวิตและความฝัน. https://www.eef.or.th/article-281026-3/ Used for ED-29
  39. [39]Ministry of Interior (Department of Local Administration). แนวทางการบริหารจัดการงบประมาณค่าอาหารเสริม (นม) กรณี ปรับเพิ่มราคากลางในการจำหน่ายผลิตภัณฑ์นม โครงการอาหารเสริม (นม) โรงเรียน (แนบท้ายหนังสือกระทรวงมหาดไทย ด่วนที่สุด ที่ มท 0816.2/ว 12334 ลงวันที่ 27 พฤศจิกายน 2567). https://www.dla.go.th/download/upload/document/type2/2567/11/32688_1_1732761933846.pdf?notDownload=Y Used for ED-30, ED-31
  40. [40]Wage Committee, Ministry of Labour (Ministry of Labour unofficial translation). Notification of the Wage Committee on Minimum Wage Rate (No.14) (Unofficial Translation). https://www.mol.go.th/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/08/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8-%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88-14-_1_-1.pdf Used for EM-01, EM-02, EM-03
  41. [41]NESDC, from the NSO Labour Force Survey. ภาวะสังคมไทย ไตรมาสสอง ปี 2568 (ปีที่ 24 ฉบับที่ 3 ส.ค. 2568). https://www.nesdc.go.th/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/1.-publisher_q2-68.pdf Used for EM-04, EM-05
  42. [42]National Statistical Office (NSO). การสำรวจแรงงานนอกระบบ พ.ศ. 2568. https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/storage/survey_detail/2026/20251126091907_74347.pdf Used for EM-06, EM-07
  43. [43]Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). รายงานการวิเคราะห์สถานการณ์ความยากจนและความเหลื่อมล้ำในประเทศไทย ปี 2567. https://www.nesdc.go.th/?p=77640&ddl=77641 Used for EM-11
  44. [44]Humansoft (HR software company), citing the Royal Gazette. บทความสรุปกฎกระทรวงกำหนดค่าจ้างขั้นสูงที่ใช้เป็นฐานในการคำนวณเงินสมทบของผู้ประกันตนตามมาตรา 33 พ.ศ. 2568 (ราชกิจจาฯ 12 ธ.ค. 2568). https://www.humansoft.co.th/th/blog/pay-social-security Used for EM-14
  45. [45]Krungthep Turakij, citing the Comptroller General's Department spokesperson. 'บัญชีกลาง' แจง 'บัตรคนจน' เดือนพ.ย. 2569 จ่ายค่าอะไรบ้าง (กรุงเทพธุรกิจ 29 ต.ค. 2569). https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/economics/1258465 Used for EM-15
  46. [46]National Statistical Office (NSO). การสำรวจภาวะการทำงานของประชากร ทั่วราชอาณาจักร ไตรมาสที่ 1 : มกราคม – มีนาคม 2569 (บทสรุปสำหรับผู้บริหาร). https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/storage/survey_detail/2026/20260521124527_90471.pdf Used for EM-16, EM-17
  47. [47]NESDC briefing, as reported by Thai PBS. จบป.ตรีตกงานสูงสุด1.70% สศช.ชี้Q2 ว่างงานพุ่ง 4 แสนคน (ไทยพีบีเอส, 24 ส.ค. 2569). https://www.thaipbs.or.th/news/content/509810 Used for EM-18
  48. [48]Social Security Office, Ministry of Labour. หลักเกณฑ์และเงื่อนไข กรณีว่างงาน (เว็บไซต์สำนักงานประกันสังคม, 3 ต.ค. 2567). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_696/236_236 Used for EM-19, EM-20
  49. [49]Social Security Office, Ministry of Labour. หลักเกณฑ์และเงื่อนไข กรณีชราภาพ (เว็บไซต์สำนักงานประกันสังคม, 5 ส.ค. 2567). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_695/235_235 Used for EM-21
  50. [50]Social Security Office, Ministry of Labour. ผู้ประกันตนโดยสมัครใจ (ม.39) (เว็บไซต์สำนักงานประกันสังคม, 29 เม.ย. 2568). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_697/237_237 Used for EM-22
  51. [51]Social Security Office, Ministry of Labour. การสมัครและขึ้นทะเบียนเป็นผู้ประกันตนตามมาตรา 40 (เว็บไซต์สำนักงานประกันสังคม, 23 ส.ค. 2567). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_698/247_247 Used for EM-23, EM-24, EM-25
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  73. [73]Daily News, citing the Rubber Authority of Thailand. เห็นผล ราคายางเดือน ก.ย. 69 สูงกว่าปีก่อน 40% (เดลินิวส์ 14 ต.ค. 2569 อ้าง กยท.). https://www.dailynews.co.th/news/6272389/ Used for AG-13
  74. [74]Office of Agricultural Economics (data from the Fish Marketing Organization). สถิติการเกษตรของประเทศไทย ปี 2568 (Agricultural Statistics of Thailand 2025). https://oae.go.th/uploads/files/2026/04/02/db0b6b4ca1f024ea.pdf Used for AG-24
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  81. [81]Real News Thailand, quoting the ERC spokesperson. กกพ. มีมติคงอัตราค่าไฟฟ้าเฉลี่ย 3.95 บาทต่อหน่วย สำหรับงวดเดือนกันยายน–ธันวาคม 2569. https://www.realnewsthailand.net/article/68094/ Used for EN-08
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  100. [100]Department of Highways (prepared by the Transportation Institute, Chulalongkorn University). รายงานฉบับย่อสำหรับผู้บริหาร (Executive Summary Report) โครงการพัฒนาระบบบริหารจัดการความปลอดภัยทางถนนสำหรับกรมทางหลวง (ระยะที่ 2). https://bhs.doh.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/HSMS2_Exsum.pdf Used for TR-20
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  103. [103]Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. ถาม-ตอบ: การรับเบี้ยผู้สูงอายุ. https://www.dop.go.th/enai/faq/view=967 Used for CM-01, CM-02, CM-03, CM-04
  104. [104]Sakon Nakhon Provincial PR Office, Public Relations Department, reporting a cabinet resolution. ครม. มีมติเห็นชอบให้เพิ่มค่าป่วยการ อสม. และ อสส. (ข่าว 9 มี.ค. 2566). https://sakonnakhon.prd.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/9/iid/164733 Used for CM-05
  105. [105]Department of Corrections, Ministry of Justice. รายงานการคำนวณต้นทุนต่อหน่วยผลผลิต ประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2563. https://main.correct.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95-2563-1.pdf Used for CM-06
  106. [106]TCIJ, citing the Department of Corrections. ราชทัณฑ์ใช้งบ 'ควบคุมผู้ต้องขัง' 37,463 บ./คน (อ้างรายงานการคำนวณต้นทุนต่อหน่วยผลผลิต ปีงบ 2561 กรมราชทัณฑ์). https://www.tcijthai.com/news/2019/12/scoop/9043 Used for CM-07
  107. [107]InfoPortal government information portal. ตรวจสอบสิทธิ เงินอุดหนุนเด็กแรกเกิด 600 บาท เงื่อนไขและขั้นตอน. https://portal.info.go.th/children-support-grant/ Used for CM-08
  108. [108]Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI). อุบัติเหตุทางถนน...ความเสียหายร้ายแรงต่อเศรษฐกิจไทย. https://tdri.or.th/2017/08/econ_traffic_accidents/ Used for CM-12, CM-13
  109. [109]Fine Arts Department. อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์พิมาย: การบริการ. https://qrcode.finearts.go.th/index.php/th/historicalpark/phimai/phimai-06 Used for CM-14
  110. [110]Krungthep Turakij. รัฐจ่าย 1.1 หมื่นล้าน เงินกองทุนหมู่บ้านทั่วประเทศ ทุนประเมินหมู่บ้านละ 1 ล.. https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/news-update/1156638 Used for CM-15
  111. [111]Krungthep Turakij. ค่าบำบัดฟื้นฟู 'ผู้เสพยา' แพงจนเอื้อมไม่ถึงจริงหรือ? (21 ต.ค. 2565). https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/health/social/1033661 Used for CM-16
  112. [112]Department of Probation, Ministry of Justice. รายงานประจำปี 2562 กรมคุมประพฤติ (Annual Report 2019). https://www.probation.go.th/web-upload/1xff0d34e409a13ef56eea54c52a291126/tinymce/56838.pdf Used for CM-17, CM-18, CM-19
  113. [113]Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการการสนับสนุนการจัดการศพผู้สูงอายุตามประเพณี พ.ศ.2569. https://www.dop.go.th/download/knowledge/th1765169684-2621_0.pdf Used for CM-20
  114. [114]Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการให้บริการสงเคราะห์ผู้สูงอายุในภาวะยากลำบาก ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2569. https://www.dop.go.th/download/knowledge/th1765168351-2619_0.pdf Used for CM-21
  115. [115]Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการสนับสนุนครอบครัวอุปถัมภ์ผู้สูงอายุ ประจำปีงบประมาณ 2569. https://www.dop.go.th/download/knowledge/th1765169279-2620_0.pdf Used for CM-22
  116. [116]Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการปรับสภาพแวดล้อมและสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกของผู้สูงอายุให้เหมาะสมและปลอดภัย ประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2569. https://www.dop.go.th/download/knowledge/th1765170352-2623_0.pdf Used for CM-23
  117. [117]Social Security Office, Ministry of Labour. กรณีเสียชีวิต (สิทธิประโยชน์ กองทุนประกันสังคม). https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/main/service/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1_detail_detail_1_125_693/231_231 Used for CM-24
  118. [118]Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. พม. แถลงใหญ่ 7 ภารกิจสำคัญ ยกระดับคุณภาพชีวิตทุกช่วงวัย (29 มิถุนายน 2569). https://www.m-society.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/MSO_WEB_NEW/news_view.php?nid=3282228787 Used for CM-26
  119. [119]Fund and Disability Equality Promotion Division, Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities. ถาม-ตอบ จ้างงานคนพิการ. https://dfund.dep.go.th/%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1-%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A-%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3/ Used for CM-27
  120. [120]Ministry of Tourism and Sports. สถิตินักท่องเที่ยวภายในประเทศ Q1-Q4 ปี 2568 (ประเทศ). https://www.mots.go.th/images/v2022_c829fbe6-fa38-48f5-9085-374505d19024.xlsx Used for CU-01, CU-02, CU-03, CU-04, CU-05, CU-06, CU-07, CU-08, CU-09, CU-10
  121. [121]Ministry of Tourism and Sports. TOURISM RECEIPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS Q1 - Q4 2025. https://www.mots.go.th/images/v2022_5a7fbad7-1fcf-4410-a387-f29bb17486e2.xlsx Used for CU-11, CU-12
  122. [122]Sports Authority of Thailand. คู่มือการเข้าใช้บริการ Sat Fitness Center. https://www.sat.or.th/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/SAT-fitness-center.pdf Used for CU-13, CU-14
  123. [123]Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Tourism and Sports. รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์ (Final Report) โครงการค่าใช้จ่ายในการจัดทำบัญชีประชาชาติด้านการกีฬา (Sport Satellite Accounts : SSA) ประจำปี พ.ศ. 2568. https://www.mots.go.th/images/v2022_07ed12ef-a7dc-4d55-9930-3b815b6409cd.pdf Used for CU-15, CU-16, CU-17
  124. [124]Frontiers in Public Health (authors from HITAP, Ministry of Public Health, and the National University of Singapore). The association between health costs and physical inactivity; analysis from the Physical Activity at Work study in Thailand. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1037699/pdf Used for CU-18
  125. [125]Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research (36th National Graduate Conference; authors from the Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University). Willingness to Pay an Entrance Fee for Chao Sam Phraya National Museum (ความเต็มใจที่จะจ่ายเพื่อเข้าชมพิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ เจ้าสามพระยา). https://so09.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PMR/article/download/8032/4830/44093 Used for CU-19, CU-20
  126. [126]Prachachat Turakij, citing the Royal Gazette. ข่าว: ราชกิจจาฯ ประกาศใช้ พ.ร.บ.งบฯ 70 วงเงิน 3.788 ล้านล้านบาท. https://www.prachachat.net/politics/news-2074402 Used for WF-01
  127. [127]Thai PBS, citing the Office of the Civil Service Commission. ข่าว: 1 พ.ค.นี้ ขึ้นเงินเดือนสู้ค่าครองชีพ! ขรก.ทุกวุฒิ ป.ตรี ขั้นต่ำ 18,000. https://www.thaipbs.or.th/news/content/351478 Used for WF-04, WF-05
  128. [128]National Statistical Office (TPSO data). Thai Economic Indicators 2025, Table 5.11 Consumer Price Index 2021–2024 (Fixed Base Year 2023). https://www.nso.go.th/public/e-book/Indicators-Economic/Thai_Economic_Indicators_2025/108/ Used for WF-13
  129. [129]Bank of Thailand. EC_EI_027 เครื่องชี้เศรษฐกิจมหภาคของไทย. https://app.bot.or.th/BTWS_STAT/statistics/ReportPage.aspx?reportID=409&language=th Used for WF-14, WF-19, WF-35, WF-36, WF-37, WF-38, WF-39, WF-40, WF-41, WF-42, WF-43, WF-44, WF-45
  130. [130]World Bank. World Development Indicators API: Consumer price index (2010 = 100), Thailand (FP.CPI.TOTL). https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/THA/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL?format=json&date=2003:2025&per_page=100 Used for WF-15, WF-46, WF-47, WF-48, WF-49, WF-50, WF-51, WF-52, WF-53
  131. [131]Bank of Thailand. FM_FX_001_S3 อัตราแลกเปลี่ยนเฉลี่ยของธนาคารพาณิชย์ในกรุงเทพมหานคร (2545-ปัจจุบัน) ช่วงเวลา: รายปี. https://app.bot.or.th/BTWS_STAT/statistics/ReportPage.aspx?reportID=123&language=th Used for WF-16, WF-17, WF-18
  132. [132]World Bank, World Development Indicators (ICP). World Bank API: PA.NUS.PRVT.PP PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $), 2024. https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/THA;GBR;USA/indicator/PA.NUS.PRVT.PP?format=json&date=2024 Used for WF-20, WF-21
  133. [133]Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), endorsed by the National List of Essential Medicines and UC benefit package subcommittees. คู่มือการประเมินเทคโนโลยีด้านสุขภาพสำหรับประเทศไทย ฉบับปรับปรุง พ.ศ. 2564 หัวข้อ 6.5 ข้อเสนอแนะสำหรับกรอบเวลาและการใช้อัตราลด. https://www.hitap.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Completed_HTA_Guide2564_260923.pdf Used for WF-22
  134. [134]Asian Development Bank (ADB). Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects (2017), paragraph 194. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/32256/economic-analysis-projects.pdf Used for WF-23
  135. [135]Department of Older Persons, summarising Ministry of Finance rules. คู่มือการเบิกค่าใช้จ่ายในการฝึกอบรม การจัดงาน และการประชุมระหว่างประเทศ (กลุ่มตรวจสอบภายใน กรมกิจการผู้สูงอายุ, 8 มิ.ย. 2566). https://www.dop.go.th/download/knowledge/th1686210912-2386_0.pdf Used for WF-24, WF-25, WF-26, WF-27, WF-28, WF-29, WF-30, WF-31, WF-32, WF-34
  136. [136]Department of Older Persons, summarising the Ministry of Finance overtime rules of 2007. คู่มือการตรวจสอบการเบิกจ่ายเงินตอบแทนการปฏิบัติงานนอกเวลาราชการ (กลุ่มตรวจสอบภายใน กรมกิจการผู้สูงอายุ, พ.ค. 2565). https://www.dop.go.th/download/knowledge/th1653017510-1359_0.pdf Used for WF-33
  137. [137]Ministry of Finance (Royal Gazette; copy hosted by Naresuan University). ระเบียบกระทรวงการคลังว่าด้วยการเบิกค่าใช้จ่ายในการเดินทางไปราชการ (ฉบับที่ 2) พ.ศ. 2554 (ราชกิจจานุเบกษา เล่ม 128 ตอนพิเศษ 42 ง, 11 เมษายน 2554). https://bec.nu.ac.th/2015/download_doc/1481011110%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%20%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3(%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%882)%20%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A82554.pdf Used for WF-54, WF-55

Data dictionary

JSON fieldMeaning
idValue code: two letters for the category, then a number. Codes are never renamed, renumbered or reused, so a code always means the same value.
catOutcome category, as an English key. The JSON file carries the category names in Thai and English.
whoGroups the outcome serves, separated by semicolons in the CSV. Empty only for adjustment tools such as price indices. NXT's reading, for filtering.
gradeSource grade, A to D, under the rubric in the method. It rates the source, not how well the value fits a project.
calcyes when the value is computed from figures in the source; the formula is in formula_th and formula_en.
methodHow the price stands in for the outcome: market price, avoided cost, replacement cost, willingness to pay (wtp), revealed preference, derived, or conversion factor.
outcome.thThe outcome or change this value can put a price on (Thai).
outcome.enThe outcome or change this value can put a price on (English, translated by NXT).
proxy.thWhat the figure is: the price, rate or cost used as the proxy (Thai).
proxy.enWhat the figure is (English, translated by NXT).
valueThe figure. In the CSV this column holds the figure as printed in the source when that differs from a plain number (thousands separators, '≈', or a range such as 4,400–4,609), so it is not always numeric. The JSON keeps the number in value and the printed form in shown.
unit.thUnit of the value, such as baht per person per year. Percentages, indices and conversion factors say so here (Thai).
unit.enUnit of the value (English).
yearThe year the figure refers to, in the Common Era calendar; for a fiscal-year rate, that fiscal year.
source.titleTitle of the source document, in the language it was published in.
source.org.thThe body that published the source; when a figure was read from another body's copy, both are named (Thai).
source.org.enThe body that published the source (English).
source.urlhttps link to the page or file that holds the figure, never a homepage.
source.pagePage of the source file where the figure appears, when the source is paged.
quoteText copied from the source that holds the figure, at most 400 characters, kept as published (Thai numerals included), so anyone can find it and check it again.
formula.thFor derived values, the formula and the inputs from the source (Thai).
formula.enThe formula and its inputs (English).
note.thWhat the figure is and is not, how to use it, and its caveats. Read it before use (Thai).
note.enThe note (English).
checkedDate the source was last opened to confirm the value (ISO 8601).
kindSet when the value is not an amount of money: factor (a conversion factor), index (a price index for rebasing) or percent.
range.lowLower end, when the source prints a range.
range.highUpper end, when the source prints a range.
basis.perWhat the value is per, as a lowercase singular English key such as person, household, case, kwh or m3.
basis.periodThe period the value covers; empty means per event.
geo.levelWhere the value applies: national, regional, provincial, local, one facility, or international.
geo.area.thThe area, when the value is not national (Thai).
geo.area.enThe area (English).
adjustHow to carry the value to a later year, NXT's reading: cpi (rebase with the consumer price index), rate (use the rate in force that year) or none (do not adjust, as for factors and percentages).
source.publishedWhen the source was published: YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD.
source.locatorWhere in the source the figure is, such as a table or clause number, as printed.
verifiedDate of the latest independent re-check against a fresh download of the source (ISO 8601).
sinceThe edition in which the value first entered the bank.
newerCode of a newer-year value for the same measure. This value stays in the bank because it is still true for its year.
curCurrency, when the value is not in baht.
priceYearPrice year of the money, when it differs from the year of the value, such as 2020 dollars.
shownThe figure as printed in the source when it differs from value, such as '≈' or a range. In the CSV it is the value column.

The CSV columns are described in the data dictionary on the bank page. Thai financial proxy bank for SROI

How to cite

APA 7
NXT Consulting Group. (2026). Thai financial proxy bank for SROI (Edition 3) [Data set]. https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies/edition-3
Chicago
NXT Consulting Group. 2026. "Thai Financial Proxy Bank for SROI." Edition 3. Dataset, released November 11, 2026. NXT Consulting Group. https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies/edition-3.
BibTeX
@misc{nxt_proxy_bank_2026_e3,
  author       = {{NXT Consulting Group}},
  title        = {Thai Financial Proxy Bank for {SROI}},
  howpublished = {Data set, edition 3},
  publisher    = {NXT Consulting Group},
  address      = {Bangkok},
  year         = {2026},
  month        = {November},
  note         = {Data as of 11 November 2026. Licensed CC BY 4.0},
  url          = {https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies/edition-3}
}
BibLaTeX
@dataset{nxt_proxy_bank_2026_e3,
  author    = {{NXT Consulting Group}},
  title     = {Thai Financial Proxy Bank for {SROI}},
  version   = {3},
  date      = {2026-11-11},
  publisher = {NXT Consulting Group},
  location  = {Bangkok},
  url       = {https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies/edition-3},
  langid    = {english}
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - NXT Consulting Group
TI  - Thai financial proxy bank for SROI
ET  - 3
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/11
PB  - NXT Consulting Group
CY  - Bangkok
UR  - https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies/edition-3
LA  - en
N1  - Licensed CC BY 4.0. Each figure remains its original source's.
ER  - 
ภาษาไทย (APA)
NXT Consulting Group. (2569). คลัง Financial Proxy ของไทยสำหรับการประเมิน SROI (ฉบับที่ 3) [ชุดข้อมูล]. https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies/edition-3

Citing one value

When you use a value in a report, cite its original source with the page, the value's year and its grade, say how you adjusted it, and give the value's code and the bank edition. For example:

EM-06 Average monthly wage, informal employees, 2025: 8,471 THB per person per month (2025), source grade A. Source: National Statistical Office (NSO). การสำรวจแรงงานนอกระบบ พ.ศ. 2568, p. 21. https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/storage/survey_detail/2026/20251126091907_74347.pdf (checked 1 Nov 2026). Compiled in NXT Consulting Group (2026), Thai financial proxy bank for SROI, edition 3.

Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) You may use, adapt and share it, including commercially, with credit to NXT Consulting Group. The licence covers the bank's compilation, grades, notes and translations; each figure remains its original source's.

Corrections found after publication

None recorded. Any error found will be listed here and on the bank page, with the edition that fixes it.