278 financial proxies in 11 categories, from health, farming and industry to digital and tourism, for valuing social outcomes. Each one comes from a document page a reviewer opened and was checked again in a separate review, with the source text that holds the figure, the year it refers to and a confidence grade for the source.
Sources last checked 1 Nov 2026 · UTF-8 CSV that opens in Excel · Licensed CC BY 4.0
Edition 2 is under review: a reviewer is checking a random sample of 60 values against their sources. Any value that needs a correction will be fixed and noted in the edition history.
Figure 1 Evidence map: values by category and source grade
CategoryTotal
44
29
29
16
10
40
24
14
24
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28Total16554158278
One dot is one value Derived from figures in the sourceSelect a dot to open its evidence, or a category or grade to filter the bank
The bank in numbers
278
financial proxies in 11 categories
128
source documents, each linked at the page with the figure
165
grade A values, from official statistics or rates set in law
11
values left out because their source page could not be reopened
Table 1. The bank
Find the proxies that fit your project
Type the outcome you need to value, or pick who your project helps, the category and the grade. The number on each button is how many values it would leave. Open any entry for the source text that holds the figure, the page, the formula and the caveats. Numbers in square brackets point to the reference list. Source titles and quotes stay in Thai, as published.
Budget allocated per Universal Coverage beneficiary, not the actual cost of care, and it excludes items funded outside the capitation. Use it as an average public cost per head, not to value individual cases of illness. In force from 1 Oct 2026.
Per beneficiary, whether or not they use services, so not a cost per visit. To get a cost per visit, divide by a utilisation rate from another source and label the result as derived.
A ceiling of 'up to THB 10,000 per AdjRW' that NHSO pays providers within a region (care outside the region is paid at THB 10,000 under clause 20.1), not the hospital's true cost. Cost per admission = 10,000 × the AdjRW of the DRG.
FY2024 rate for care-plan services through local long-term care funds. Excludes the time of family carers. Use it as a floor for valuing community care of dependent people.
Members of the civil servant scheme are older than the general population, so this is far above the UC figure. Use it as an upper bound or for comparison. Spending is FY2025 while the member count is April 2026, and the article's split into members and dependants adds to 4,885,493, so the result is approximate.
The per-case value is the Department of Highways' 2007 loss cost, which the Department of Disease Control multiplies by the 2021 death count. It is therefore in 2007 prices, not adjusted for inflation, and must be rebased from 2007. It is not a value of statistical life. Compare with CM-12 and test sensitivity.
The Department of Highways' 2007 cost per case, as in HL-08, so it is in 2007 prices and must be rebased from 2007. The five-year figures in the same document (THB 158,669 million ÷ 1,167,833 cases) give about THB 135,900, so report a range and test sensitivity.
A decision threshold for judging whether a medicine or vaccine is cost-effective, not a market price or a directly measured willingness to pay, so use it to put a baht value on QALYs only with a sensitivity test. The subcommittee approved it in 2013 and it was still in use in 2025, never adjusted for inflation. The source is a HITAP policy brief from its study of the threshold, not the subcommittee's own notice.
VSL was calculated to 26,405,425 baht (US $844,163), with a 95% confidence interval of between 25,505,238 and 27,305,612 baht (US $815,385 to US $872,942).
Factors influencing willingness to pay for accident risk reduction among personal car drivers in Thailand (PLOS ONE 16(11): e0260666, 2021)
Note
Computed from the willingness to pay of 1,650 private car drivers in eight provinces, with 2020 car travel and crash death figures. It is far above TDRI's THB 10 million (CM-12), so test sensitivity with both, and it fits car users better than motorcyclists.
VSI was calculated to 4,859,520 baht (US $155,355), with a 95% confidence interval of between 4,693,854 and 5,025,185 baht (US $150,059 to US $160,652).
Factors influencing willingness to pay for accident risk reduction among personal car drivers in Thailand (PLOS ONE 16(11): e0260666, 2021)
Note
Same source as HL-c02. The paper counts all injuries without splitting them by severity, so it may overstate minor injuries. Compare with TDRI's serious-injury value (CM-13) and test sensitivity.
Serves Children and students · Households · Patients
≈ 5,253THB per caseYear of value 2015
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
The total cost of a hospitalized dengue case was higher for adult patients than pediatric patients, and was US$153.6 and US$166.3 for pediatric DF and DHF patients, respectively, and US$171.2 and US$226.1 for adult DF and DHF patients, respectively. … expressed in 2015 US$ based on 34.2 THB to 1US$ currency exchange rate
Household costs of hospitalized dengue illness in semi-rural Thailand (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11(9): e0005961, 2017)
Note
Survey of inpatients at three public hospitals in Chachoengsao, 2015: the household's burden net of reimbursements, without hospital costs; 74% of patients received free care. Converting the rounded dollar figure back to baht leaves about THB 2 of rounding, and paediatric DHF cases cost slightly more (US$166.3).
Formula
US$153.6 × THB 34.2 per US$ (the paper's own rate)
The total cost of a hospitalized dengue case was higher for adult patients than pediatric patients, and was US$153.6 and US$166.3 for pediatric DF and DHF patients, respectively, and US$171.2 and US$226.1 for adult DF and DHF patients, respectively. … expressed in 2015 US$ based on 34.2 THB to 1US$ currency exchange rate
Household costs of hospitalized dengue illness in semi-rural Thailand (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11(9): e0005961, 2017)
Note
Survey of inpatients at three public hospitals in Chachoengsao, 2015: the household's burden net of reimbursements, without hospital costs; lost work is valued at no less than the THB 300 daily minimum wage. Adult DHF cases cost more (US$226.1).
Formula
US$171.2 × THB 34.2 per US$ (the paper's own rate)
The average total outpatient cost was THB 22,874 ± 38,066 (US$ 759 ± 1,264) for the first year and THB 23,462 ± 34,441 (US$ 779 ± 1,143) for the second year.
Economic Burdens for Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in North Thailand: A Hospital-Based Observational Study (Frontiers in Endocrinology 13: 824545, 2022)
Note
One tertiary university hospital, records 2009 to 2019, and these are charges rather than costs, so likely above the cost of care in community hospitals. The spread is very wide (median THB 10,210). For cost per visit by hospital level see HL-c07.
Average cost of outpatient treatment for diabetes mellitus was 1,676 baht per visit: 1,951 baht per visit for regional hospital, 1,114 baht for big community hospital, and 929 baht for small community hospital.
Micro-costed from the provider's side in 13 hospitals that volunteered (4 regional, 1 general, 7 community, 1 specialty). It ranges from THB 929 in small community hospitals to THB 1,951 in regional and general hospitals, so pick the level that matches the project area.
From Table 7, all hospital levels combined; a provider cost, not a charge. THB 1,420 in regional and general hospitals, 832 in large and 711 in small community hospitals. The pooled mean sits close to the regional and general hospital value, so pick the value for the hospital level in the project area.
For the usual care scenario, the HEARTS single-pill scenario, and the HEARTS combination-pill sub-scenario, the average annual medication cost per treated patient was USD 14.0 (THB 485), USD 13.8 (THB 479), and USD 14.3 (THB 497), respectively.
Costs of the HEARTS hypertension program in primary care in Lampang province, Thailand (BMC Primary Care 26: 120, 2025)
Note
Medicines only, without staff time, laboratory tests or follow-up. Based on 12 months of prescriptions for patients sampled in FY2021 (Oct 2020 to Sep 2021) in Lampang primary care, from the health system's side.
Mean annual cost per patient was 37 179 Thai Baht (95% CI: 36 988 to 37 370).
Stroke resource utilisation and all-cause mortality in Thailand 2017–2020: a retrospective, cross-sectional study (BMJ Open 13(6): e072259, 2023)
Note
From 386,484 incident cases in NHSO claims, priced with Thai CaseMix Centre unit costs. Hospital care only, without long-term care or lost income, and the paper gives no price year. Haemorrhagic stroke averaged THB 48,599 and ischaemic THB 34,125.
Alcohol consumption incurred a total estimated economic cost of 165,450.5 million baht, equivalent to 1.02% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 2500 baht per capita.
Economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2021 (Global Health Research and Policy 8: 51, 2023)
Note
An average per head of the whole population, not per drinker. 95% of it is premature death valued by the human capital method. Use it for population-wide work and do not add it to death values from other rows (such as HL-c12).
the cost of premature mortality was found to be the major cost component, representing 95.45% of the total cost with estimates of 157,918.7 million baht (134,424.7 million baht in males and 23,493.9 million baht in females). In 2021, premature death attributable to alcohol consumption’s number was estimated at 22,804
Economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2021 (Global Health Research and Policy 8: 51, 2023)
Note
Future earnings lost, valued at 2021 GNI per head (THB 232,176) up to life expectancy and discounted at 3%, so lower than willingness-to-pay values of a statistical life (HL-c02, CM-12); treat it as a floor. It averages all causes, ages and both sexes, and must not be added to HL-c11, which already includes it.
การบริหารต้นทุนบริการของโรงพยาบาลชุมชน จังหวัดสงขลา (Service Cost Management for Community Hospitals in Songkhla Province), วารสารศาสตร์สุขภาพและการศึกษา ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 1 (2566) หน้า 28-45
Note
Provider cost averaged over all conditions; FY2019 to FY2021 values ran from THB 573.90 to 812.92. FY2021 was a COVID-19 year and this is one province, so test sensitivity with the other years.
การบริหารต้นทุนบริการของโรงพยาบาลชุมชน จังหวัดสงขลา (Service Cost Management for Community Hospitals in Songkhla Province), วารสารศาสตร์สุขภาพและการศึกษา ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 1 (2566) หน้า 28-45
Note
Provider cost averaged over all conditions; it was THB 10,028.45 in FY2019 and 12,133.41 in FY2020, so the FY2021 figure, from a COVID-19 year, is more than twice the FY2019 one. Test sensitivity, and use HL-c17 or HL-c18 when the condition is known.
การวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนบริการของโรงพยาบาลส่งเสริมสุขภาพตำบล ในสังกัดสำนักงานสาธารณสุขจังหวัดขอนแก่น (The Unit Cost Analysis of Tambon Health Promoting Hospital under supervision of Khon Kaen Provincial Health Office), วารสารสำนักงานสาธารณสุขจังหวัดขอนแก่น ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 2 (2564) หน้า 164-176
Note
Provider cost (labour, materials, capital) averaged over all services, including treatment, health promotion and prevention, with no adjustment for case severity. One province only.
From Table 7, for projects that cut minor illness such as handwashing or clean air work. THB 647 in regional and general hospitals, 511 in large and 418 in small community hospitals.
From Table 8, for water, sanitation or food safety projects. Average stay 3.85 days; THB 9,601 in regional and general hospitals, 7,772 in large and 8,176 in small community hospitals.
From Table 8, for air pollution or immunisation projects. Average stay 3.07 days. Hospital groups differ widely (THB 14,949 to 23,403), so test sensitivity.
18,509.03THB per person per yearYear of value 2022
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
the average annual direct medical cost was 18,509.03 Baht ($514.14), while the average annual cost of MDD per person was 193,591.33 Baht ($5,377.54)
The prevalence and economic burden of treatment-resistant depression in Thailand (BMC Public Health 23, 2023)
Note
Billed charges before insurance, not costs, for 500 patients at one tertiary hospital in Bangkok, so it may exceed the cost of care in ordinary hospitals. Do not add it to HL-c20, which already includes it.
193,591.33THB per person per yearYear of value 2022
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
the average annual direct medical cost was 18,509.03 Baht ($514.14), while the average annual cost of MDD per person was 193,591.33 Baht ($5,377.54)
The prevalence and economic burden of treatment-resistant depression in Thailand (BMC Public Health 23, 2023)
Note
Mostly indirect costs: lost productivity at work or study, and carer time valued at the 2022 Bangkok minimum wage; job loss is left out. Its medical part is billed charges at one hospital. Do not add HL-c19, which it already includes.
The average direct cost of schizophrenia inpatient care was estimated at 20,157.10 Baht per admission over a 3-year period.
Costs of Inpatient Care for Schizophrenia at Khon Kaen Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital (Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand 58(4): 421-432)
Note
Average of 2010 to 2012 admissions; the abstract gives no price year, so the year is set to 2011 and the value should be rebased before use. It is built from the hospital's bed, service and physician fee records, so it is likely closer to charges than to the true cost. Admissions after a suicide attempt averaged THB 31,888.48.
Cost of inpatient was 20,438 baht per case or 656 baht per day and cost of outpatient was 599 baht per case.
Unit cost of mental health services of Mental Health Department 2004 (วารสารสุขภาพจิตแห่งประเทศไทย ปีที่ 15 ฉบับที่ 1 หน้า 1-9)
Note
A very old base year (2004), so rebase with a price index before use. It is the provider cost averaged over all conditions in Department of Mental Health psychiatric hospitals, and may not match psychiatric care in general or community hospitals.
A per-head budget that NHSO allocates to providers for basic preventive services for Thai citizens of every scheme, not the cost of providing them and not the price of any single service. It covers THB 102.99 paid by fee schedule and up to THB 300.96 paid by registered population and output, but leaves out the national budget of THB 40.33 (for example vaccines) and the regional budget of up to THB 4 per person. Applies to FY2027 (1 Oct 2026 to 30 Sep 2027).
Averaged over all households, including those with no one ill, so far below the spending of households with a sick member. It is only what households pay themselves, not the full cost of care, most of which the state and insurance funds pay. Multiply by 12 for a year (THB 3,312).
The flat amount the SSO fund pays per delivery, not the actual cost, which varies with the type of delivery and the facility. Excludes the maternity leave allowance of 50% of wages for 90 days. The SSO medical committee still used THB 15,000 at its meeting 5/2026 (20 April 2026) and asked for a study of raising it, so check the current rate before use.
The SSO ceiling on actual charges over five visits (up to THB 500 for the visit by 12 weeks of pregnancy, THB 200 to 300 for each later one), not the full cost of the service. In force since 1 January 2021 and still shown on the SSO benefits page updated 30 July 2024.
An annual claim ceiling at private facilities, not the market price of treatment. At public facilities SSO pays per item, for example up to THB 700 for full-mouth scaling and THB 350 per simple extraction. People who use less than the ceiling cost less than this.
The most the SSO fund pays insured persons at public or private facilities, not the cost of making the dentures. Usable as a value for denture programmes. A single full upper or lower denture is capped at THB 3,000, and the claim covers five years from fitting.
The amount the medical committee approved under device code 2507 on one insured person's claim, not a published rate schedule; the same amount (THB 12,000 per ear) appears in resolutions 7/2024, 11/2024 and 2/2025. Applies per ear and excludes hearing tests.
The base rate SSO uses to calculate what it transfers to NHSO for insured persons with disabilities who chose Universal Coverage services. A per-head budget for this group, not the cost of care for any one person. The FY2024 rate was THB 7,811.84 (resolution 2/2024 of 13 February 2024).
Requires a medical certificate for at least 3 days of rest. Days count towards the same annual cap as hospital days (30 days for options 1 and 2, 90 days for option 3). A minimum benefit, not the income actually lost.
Read from an SSO press release published by Thai Post on 12 September 2024, not from an SSO notice, hence grade D. The release says the rate was last raised in April 2023, so it may have changed since. Excludes the chronic-disease add-on (THB 453 per insured person), high-cost inpatient care and payments outside the capitation, so it is below the actual spending per insured person.
A rounded figure from the medical committee chair's statement in an SSO press release published by Thai Post on 12 September 2024, not the fund's financial statements, hence grade D. The release says only "the past year", so 2023 is entered. Covers both capitation (THB 3,007 on average) and payments outside it (THB 3,240). An average that hides a wide range between heavy users and people who used no care.
9.89% of current health expenditureYear of value 2023Percentage, not a money value
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
Total expenditure on health including health-related functions (2023) | Unit : millions Baht | Total recurent expenditure on health | Household: 77,350.2 | Total: 782,448.22
National Health Accounts 2023 (NHA 2023 Web 2026.10.16), sheet "HC-HCR xFA 2023": Total expenditure on health including health-related functions (2023), row "Total recurent expenditure on health", cells O17 (Household) and R17 (Total)
Note
Households pay about a tenth of current health spending; the state, insurance funds, private insurers, employers and non-profits pay the rest. A national average for 2023; the real share varies widely by scheme and type of care, for example medicines bought at pharmacies, and the denominator also includes prevention and system administration.
Formula
THB 77,350.2 million ÷ THB 782,448.22 million × 100
The fee of a single state-run centre, which is subsidised, so it may be below the real cost. The document does not say whether meals, nursing or personal care are included, so do not use it for the cost of care for dependent people or private nursing homes. Use it only as a floor for housing an older person and test sensitivity. A double room is THB 2,000 a month.
Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.
Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.
Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.
Teaching subsidy only, excluding textbooks, equipment, uniforms, student activities and teacher salaries, so it is a floor for the public cost per pupil. Rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 26 July 2022. Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027. Read from OBEC's own guideline.
Teaching subsidy for basic education run by families and enterprises at vocational certificate level, which applies only to enterprise-run study; textbooks, materials, uniform and activities are extra (THB 18,813 a year for all five items in the same guideline). Vocational certificate classes in OBEC general schools have their own rates by field (ED-24). Fiscal year 2027 (B.E. 2570) covers semester 2 of academic year 2026 and semester 1 of academic year 2027.
โครงการจัดสรรเงินอุดหนุนแบบมีเงื่อนไข (ทุนเสมอภาค 2569) Conditional Cash Transfer
Note
The equity grant covers the hidden costs of attending school, such as travel, food and supplies, not the value of education itself. The 2026 rate table on the same page (an image) gives THB 4,200 for primary and lower secondary pupils in OBEC, local government, private, Bangkok and Buddhist schools, THB 4,000 for kindergarten, and THB 5,200 (primary) and 7,200 (lower secondary) in Border Patrol Police schools.
Stepped rates under the cabinet resolution of 8 Nov 2022: 1–40 pupils THB 36, 41–100 THB 27, 101–120 THB 24, 121 or more THB 22. Use the rate for the project's school size. The article budgets 200 days per school year. Read from a provincial Public Relations Department release citing the cabinet resolution, not the resolution itself, so it is grade D.
Stepped rates under the cabinet resolution of 8 Nov 2022: 1–40 pupils THB 36, 41–100 THB 27, 101–120 THB 24, 121 or more THB 22. Use the rate for the project's school size. The article budgets 200 days per school year. Read from a provincial Public Relations Department release citing the cabinet resolution, not the resolution itself, so it is grade D.
≈ 5% of wages per extra year of schoolingYear of value 2024Percentage, not a money value
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
The private return on education, the effect of year of schooling is similar for the two methods, approximately 5 percent.
Beyond Mincer: Revisiting the Returns to Education in Thailand (PIER Discussion Paper No. 266, revised 7 Oct 2026), Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat & Lusi Liao; ข้อมูล LFS ไตรมาส 3 ปี 2001–2024 · page 20
Note
A percentage, not a baht value. Use: the group's baseline wage × 0.05 × extra years of schooling. Estimated on pooled Labour Force Survey data for Q3 of 2001–2024; Table 5 gives 0.0513 (OLS) and 0.0487 (IV). A discussion paper, not a journal article.
Averaged over all households, including those with no student, so far below the cost per student. Do not use it as a cost per student. From Figure 3.5 in section 3.3.5. Multiply by 12 for a year.
Bangkok's poorest 10% only, with 2021 data from the COVID period. The same article gives THB 78,200 per child for the richest 10%, so the range is very wide.
A single provider's price (one university's provincial campus), so grade D. Use it as an example price for a public-university social science degree. An academic year has two regular semesters. Not the full public cost per student.
A single provider's price (one university's provincial campus), so grade D. Use it as an example price for a public-university science degree. An academic year has two regular semesters. Not the full public cost per student.
Covers tuition and living costs at all levels for new and existing borrowers. A loan, not a grant, so it is a proxy for the cost of access rather than the value of the outcome. Both inputs are 'more than' figures as of 17 Sep 2025, before the academic year ended, so the result is approximate.
Paid once a year in semester 1 of academic year 2027 for shirts, trousers and skirts. The same table gives THB 325 for pre-primary, 500 lower secondary, 550 upper secondary and 950 vocational certificate. Read from OBEC's own guideline; the earlier entry came from a 2024 news report of the same rate.
THB 220 per semester for notebooks, pencils, school bags or an internet SIM for learning. Other levels: THB 290 pre-primary, 520 secondary and vocational certificate. Read from OBEC's own guideline; the earlier entry came from a 2024 news report of the same rate.
OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. It already contains ED-01, so do not add it on top.
OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. The table prints a range of THB 4,400–4,609 because textbook costs differ by grade; the lower bound is used to avoid overclaiming. It already contains ED-02, ED-15 and ED-16, so do not add them on top.
OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. The table prints a range of THB 7,208–7,396 because textbook costs differ by grade; the lower bound is used to avoid overclaiming. It already contains ED-03, so do not add it on top.
OBEC presents this as the cost parents no longer pay per pupil per year; it includes the teaching subsidy paid to schools but not teacher salaries, school lunch or milk. The table prints a range of THB 8,054–8,274 because textbook costs differ by grade; the lower bound is used to avoid overclaiming. It already contains ED-04, so do not add it on top.
Paid in cash only to pupils who pass the means test (average household income of THB 3,000 a month or less plus household-status criteria), on top of the five-item package, at the rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 12 June 2007. The guideline says the EEF equity grant (ED-06) is a separate, additional transfer. Use it as a cost of support, not as the value of education.
Paid in cash only to pupils who pass the means test (average household income of THB 3,000 a month or less plus household-status criteria), on top of the five-item package, at the rate set by the Cabinet resolution of 12 June 2007. The guideline says the EEF equity grant (ED-06) is a separate, additional transfer. Use it as a cost of support, not as the value of education.
Only for pupils who live too far to travel home each day and board at school; lunch is not included. The THB 20 meal rate dates from the Comptroller General's Department approval of 2016, so it may be below current food prices.
Rate for OBEC schools that teach the vocational certificate (type 3), not OVEC colleges, whose budgets may differ; teacher salaries are excluded. Other fields in the same table: commerce THB 10,610, home economics and tourism 11,330, agriculture and fisheries 11,810, arts 12,170 and reformed agriculture 19,010.
Includes the base and top-up per-head subsidies (the top-up carries a THB 30 meal allowance, THB 6,600 a year for day pupils, so do not add a lunch value) plus textbooks, materials, uniform and activities, but not teacher salaries. The special education schools grade table gives THB 11,620 (P2) to 11,829 (P6) and the lower bound is used so the value is not overstated; the summary table (PDF page 68) prints 11,626 to 11,829. Boarding pupils at the same level receive THB 33,720 to 33,929.
The State of Equity in Thai Human Development: 5 ข้อค้นพบ ปลดล็อกวิกฤตทุนมนุษย์ สู่อนาคตที่เสมอภาค (ข้อค้นพบที่ 5 การศึกษาไทยที่ "ฟรี" ไม่จริง) · page 19
Note
EEF analysis in a policy report, not an official statistic. The report gives neither the data source nor the base year, so the year 2025 used here is an assumption based on the publication date (January 2026), and the breakfast cost inside the figure is an estimate.
Tuition is paid separately to the college at a modest rate and is not included. The 2-year award is counted over 24 months, and a longer course spreads the same total over more months (THB 6,000 a month over 30 months in EEF's example); the 5-year track pays THB 6,500 a month for the first 3 years and 7,500 for the last 2. It is a cost of support, not the value of the outcome.
EEF's own tracking of its scholars, from an infographic published in July 2025 that gives no method or survey period and pools several graduating cohorts, so grade C; 2025 is the publication year. It is a salary level, not an increase: subtract what the person would likely have earned without the scholarship before using it in an SROI.
Read from an EEF feature article on EEF's own site (28 October 2026), which does not name the school year; the 2026 rate table shown as an image on the equity-grant page gives the same THB 4,000 and says the kindergarten rate was kept at its previous level. Primary and lower secondary are in ED-06. Use it as the cost of covering hidden school costs, not as the value of education.
The 400-bath minimum daily wage rate shall be applied: ... (3) In the areas of Bangkok, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Phuket, Rayong and Surat Thani limited to Koh Samui District.
Notification of the Wage Committee on Minimum Wage Rate (No.14) (Unofficial Translation) · page 1
Note
Under clause 2 (3) it applies in Bangkok, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Phuket, Rayong and Koh Samui District; clause 2 (1) and (2) set other cases at this rate. In force from 1 July 2025; check whether a later notice has replaced it before use. Read from the Ministry of Labour's unofficial English translation; the Thai text in the Royal Gazette is the legal version.
The 337-bath minimum daily wage rate shall be enforced in Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala.
Notification of the Wage Committee on Minimum Wage Rate (No.14) (Unofficial Translation) · page 2
Note
The notice sets 17 rates from THB 337 to 400 a day. Use the rate of the project's province, not an average. In force from 1 July 2025. Read from the Ministry of Labour's unofficial English translation.
Notification of the Wage Committee on Minimum Wage Rate (No.14) (Unofficial Translation) · page 2
Note
A conservative floor for volunteer time, not the value of skills. The notice defines a 'day' as normal hours of up to eight, so dividing by eight is an assumption. For skilled volunteering, use the wage of that occupation. In the lowest-rate provinces it is 337 ÷ 8 = THB 42.125 an hour.
Employees only, excluding own-account and unpaid family workers. Surveyed in Q3 (July to September 2025). Use as the baseline income before formalisation and compare with EM-07.
2023 was THB 3,043. In 2024, 3.43 million people (4.89%) were poor. Multiply by 12 for THB 36,936 a year. Use it as the threshold for whether income crosses the poverty line.
The ceiling for a Section 33 member laid off at or above the wage cap, for up to 180 days a year; workers on lower wages get less. SSO's unemployment page still shows the old THB 15,000 base, but this page (updated August 2026) gives the new ceiling, and the SSO Secretary-General gave the THB 8,750 figure at a briefing on 4 December 2025 (Daily News). A transfer from the fund: count it as income protection, not new income.
Formula
50% of the average wage (layoff rule on SSO's unemployment page) × the contribution wage ceiling of THB 17,500 (from 1 January 2026) = THB 8,750 a month
The ceiling for a Section 33 member who resigns or reaches the end of a contract at or above the wage cap, for up to 90 days a year; workers on lower wages get less. SSO's unemployment page still shows the old THB 15,000 base, but this page (updated August 2026) gives the new ceiling. A transfer from the fund: count it as income protection, not new income.
Formula
30% of the average wage (resignation and end-of-contract rule on SSO's unemployment page) × the contribution wage ceiling of THB 17,500 (from 1 January 2026) = THB 5,250 a month
Applies from 1 Jan 2026 to 31 Dec 2028. The maximum employee contribution at the standard rate (875 = 5% of 17,500); employers pay the same. Read from a private company's article; the ministerial regulation in the Royal Gazette (12 Dec 2025) was viewed and shows the same THB 17,500 cap, but its text cannot be copied from the file, so the row stays grade D.
The amount changes with each round of measures. The same month also gives THB 750 for transport, THB 80 per three months for cooking gas, and up to THB 315 each for water and electricity. A transfer, so avoid double counting with income.
The share of the labour force without work, not the chance that a participant would find work on their own, so use it as context rather than as a deadweight figure. The national rate is low because anyone who worked at least one hour in the survey week counts as employed, which hides underemployment; youth aged 15 to 24 have a much higher rate (4.6%).
Several times the rate for adults aged 25 and over (0.6%). Useful context for youth training or job-matching projects, but not the chance that a participant would find work on their own. Quarterly figures move with the seasons, so compare with the same quarter of the previous year.
The same series as EM-04 (Q2 2025, THB 15,977, grade A from NESDC's own report) one year on, and the 0.25% fall announced matches it (15,977 × 0.9975 ≈ 15,937). It is grade D because it was read from Thai PBS's report of the briefing; NESDC's report could not be opened. Use EM-04 when a grade A source is needed. After inflation, real wages fell 2.88%.
Multiply by the participant's previous average wage (up to the contribution ceiling) to get the monthly benefit. This page still shows the THB 15,000 base, while SSO's benefits page updated in August 2026 gives a ceiling of THB 17,500 from 1 January 2026 (at most THB 8,750 a month, see EM-12). A transfer from the fund: count it as income protection, not new income.
Multiply by the participant's previous average wage. This page still shows the THB 15,000 base (at most THB 4,500 a month); on the THB 17,500 ceiling that SSO lists from 1 January 2026 the maximum is THB 5,250 a month (30% × 17,500). A transfer, not new income.
The rule is 20% of the average wage over the last 60 months once 180 months of contributions are paid, plus 1.5% for every further 12 months. Recalculate with participants' actual wages. The example uses the former THB 15,000 base (the ceiling is THB 17,500 from 1 January 2026), and SSO is preparing a new pension formula.
What the insured person pays to keep six types of cover (not unemployment). A floor for the value of the cover kept, not the full value of the benefits. Open to people with at least 12 months of Section 33 contributions who left work no more than six months earlier.
Option 1 covers sickness, invalidity and death, with no old-age or child benefit. This is the member's share; the government adds up to half as much again. Use it as a floor for the value of access to cover, not the value of the benefits.
Option 2 adds an old-age lump sum (THB 50 for each month paid, plus returns) to the cover of option 1. This is the member's share; the government adds up to half as much again. A floor, not the value of the benefits.
Option 3 adds an old-age lump sum of THB 150 for each month paid, a further THB 10,000 after 180 months, and a child allowance of THB 200 per child a month (up to two children). This is the member's share; the government adds up to half as much again. A floor, not the value of the benefits.
The same for every option. Options 1 and 2 pay for up to 30 days a year in total, option 3 up to 90 days. Without an inpatient stay but with at least three days of medical leave the rate is THB 200 a day. A floor, well below the daily minimum wage.
In force since 1 January 2025 and still shown on the page updated in August 2026; up to three children at a time. Requires at least 12 months of contributions within 36 months. A transfer, not the full cost of raising a child. Section 40 option 3 members get THB 200 per child.
Use it to value interest saved when informal debt moves into the formal system, preferring the rate participants actually paid where known. It is the legal ceiling, not an observed rate; informal loans above the legal limit cost more, so it gives a conservative estimate. Lenders supervised by the BOT or the Ministry of Finance have their own ceilings.
Subtract it from the debt's previous rate and multiply by the balance to get the yearly interest saved. The top of the range, 5%, is used so the interest saved is not overstated. Applies only to credit-card, cash-card and personal-loan debt more than 120 days overdue, up to THB 2 million in total.
For valuing electricity saved by customers with peak demand below 30 kW. This is the rate for units above 400 a month; the first 150 units cost 3.2484 baht and units 151 to 400 cost 4.2218 baht, and Ft and VAT must be added. MEA's type 2 tariff page lists the same rates for its below-12 kV band.
Applies to customers with peak demand from 30 to under 1,000 kW using up to 250,000 kWh a month (three-month average). The normal rate 3.1 is only for customers already on it before the November 2015 bill; others pay the TOU rate 3.2. Bill savings also include the demand charge, Ft and VAT (at 22 to 33 kV the energy charge is 3.1471 baht).
For valuing a lower monthly peak (the highest 15-minute average), for example from load management or new equipment. This rate is only for customers on the normal rate 3.1 since before the November 2015 bill; TOU customers at this voltage pay 210.00 baht per kW of on-peak demand. The minimum bill is 70% of the highest demand charge of the past 12 months, so savings may reach the bill later than expected.
Peak is 09:00 to 22:00 on weekdays, except regular public holidays and Labour Day. Applies to customers with peak demand of 1,000 kW or more, or above 250,000 kWh a month (three-month average), and equals the TOU rate of types 3.2 and 5.1 at the same voltage. The rate is 4.1025 baht at 69 kV and above and 4.3297 baht below 22 kV; add Ft and VAT.
Off-peak is 22:00 to 09:00 on weekdays and all day on Saturdays, Sundays, Labour Day and regular public holidays (not substitution days). Moving one kWh from peak to off-peak at this voltage cuts the energy charge by 1.5802 baht (4.1839 minus 2.6037), before any change in the demand charge, Ft and VAT.
Add this to the base energy charge of any tariff before VAT. The Energy Regulatory Commission approved it on 22 July 2026 and Ft changes every four months, so check the period in force before use. It is below cost: EGAT still carries accumulated costs, and 16,127.17 million baht of surplus was used to bring Ft down from a cost-reflective 41.27 satang.
The tariff rises in blocks from 9.50 baht (0 to 10 cubic metres, minimum 90 baht) to 15.81 baht (above 200), so this figure suits water saved by large users. It excludes VAT and the monthly meter fee (25 to 5,000 baht by meter size). The rates have applied since December 1999 and only in Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan.
Compensation covers medical care, monthly compensation, funeral grants and rehabilitation. The year's expense includes continuing payments to people injured in earlier years (lifetime disability pensions, ten-year death payments), so it is not the cost of 2024 injuries as such. The average hides a wide range between cases with up to three days off and deaths or disability, and leaves out earnings lost beyond the compensation.
Formula
THB 2,251,866,455.39 (2024 compensation expense, p. 27) ÷ 87,753 employees compensated in 2024 (p. 7)
A rate set by ministerial regulation, read from the Fund's 2024 annual report. It is paid by the employer-financed fund and is only one part of the cost avoided, not the value of a life; see CM-12 for the value of a statistical life.
Paid at 70% of wages up to 20,000 baht for up to one year of medically certified leave. Use it as a ceiling and take 70% of the actual wage for lower-paid workers. It is a transfer; the worker still loses the other 30% of earnings.
An undiscounted ceiling that excludes the 50,000 baht funeral grant; dependants of workers earning under 20,000 baht receive less. It is a transfer from an employer-financed fund, not the value of a life.
Use it to estimate the injuries a safety project could prevent, then multiply by a cost per case. It is the year's injuries divided by employees covered by the Workmen's Compensation Fund at year end, so it leaves out informal workers and counts only claimed cases. It averages all industries, whose rates differ widely.
Serious cases are deaths, disability, partial loss of organs and more than three days off work. Pair it with a cost per serious case. It covers only employees in the Workmen's Compensation Fund and claimed cases, averaged over all industries.
รายงานผลิตภาพและผลประกอบการอุตสาหกรรม ปี 2567 (Productivity and Performance of Thai Industry Report 2024) · page 21
Note
Use it to turn extra sales into value added so that sales are not counted in full as a benefit. OIE takes value added as sales less materials, packaging, energy, water, repairs, subcontracting, interest and all selling and administrative costs (pp. 10 to 11), which is narrower than national-accounts value added. It is an average from the RG9 survey of 3,328 factories covering 70.1% of manufacturing sales.
รายงานผลิตภาพและผลประกอบการอุตสาหกรรม ปี 2567 (Productivity and Performance of Thai Industry Report 2024) · page 27
Note
Use it to turn extra sales into value added so that sales are not counted in full as a benefit. OIE takes value added as sales less materials, packaging, energy, water, repairs, subcontracting, interest and all selling and administrative costs (pp. 10 to 11), which is narrower than national-accounts value added. It is an average from the RG9 factory survey (922 of 3,328 firms in this group), with firm size set by the report's grouping by employment and revenue.
รายงานผลิตภาพและผลประกอบการอุตสาหกรรม ปี 2567 (Productivity and Performance of Thai Industry Report 2024) · page 27
Note
Use it to turn extra sales into value added so that sales are not counted in full as a benefit. OIE takes value added as sales less materials, packaging, energy, water, repairs, subcontracting, interest and all selling and administrative costs (pp. 10 to 11), which is narrower than national-accounts value added. It is an average from the RG9 factory survey (761 of 3,328 firms in this group), with firm size set by the report's grouping by employment and revenue.
533.92THB per connection per monthYear of value 2025
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
FixedBB: Thailand | 2.542624699433709 | 15.724723949598069 | 48.779526444795046 | Advanced Info Service Public Company Limited | 300 | Unlimited | FTTH | 0 | 7. GNI: Thailand | 20998.773 | GNI data year: 2024. In Thai baht.
ITU ICT Price Baskets 2025: Basket prices and additional information (ITU_ICTPriceBaskets_Allowance_2025.xlsx, November 2025 release), sheets FixedBB and GNI
Note
AIS 300 Mbps unlimited FTTH plan priced as of Feb–Mar 2025, about THB 499 before 7% VAT. Use it as the market price of one month of home broadband. It is one operator's cheapest qualifying plan, not the average bill households actually pay.
Formula
2.5426247% of monthly GNI per capita × THB 20,998.773 ÷ 100 = THB 533.92
MobileBB: Thailand | 0.6095594125103289 | 3.769786982223091 | 11.694222701778855 | TRUE MOVE H UNIVERSAL COMMUNICATION CO.,LTD | 10 | 7 | 3G / 4G. GNI: Thailand | 20998.773 | GNI data year: 2024. In Thai baht.
ITU ICT Price Baskets 2025: Basket prices and additional information (ITU_ICTPriceBaskets_Allowance_2025.xlsx, November 2025 release), sheets MobileBB and GNI
Note
TrueMove H plan with 10 GB a month (3G/4G), priced as of Feb–Mar 2025. Use it as the market price of one month of mobile internet per person, for example when a project gives or subsidises data SIMs. It is one operator's cheapest qualifying plan, not the average bill users actually pay.
Formula
0.6095594% of monthly GNI per capita × THB 20,998.773 ÷ 100 = THB 128.00
MobileDataVoice_low: Thailand | 1.1010166888467814 | 6.809177736640458 | 21.122689755088057 | TRUE MOVE H UNIVERSAL COMMUNICATION CO.,LTD | 70 | 50 | 4 | 7. GNI: Thailand | 20998.773 | GNI data year: 2024. In Thai baht.
ITU ICT Price Baskets 2025: Basket prices and additional information (ITU_ICTPriceBaskets_Allowance_2025.xlsx, November 2025 release), sheets MobileDataVoice_low and GNI
Note
TrueMove H plan (70 minutes, 50 SMS, 4 GB) priced as of Feb–Mar 2025. Use it as the market price of one month of basic mobile service. In the same file the high-consumption basket (140 minutes, 5 GB) works out at THB 227.80, slightly less, so do not read this as a floor price for light use.
Formula
1.1010167% of monthly GNI per capita × THB 20,998.773 ÷ 100 = THB 231.20
Average over all households nationwide, from Figure 3.5 in section 3.3.5. Use it as what households actually spend on communication, for example when a project replaces a paid service with free internet. It is the whole communication category, which the report does not itemise, not internet alone, and an average that varies widely with income. Multiply by 12 for a year.
We propose an estimate on the cost of cash to be 1.26 baht per transaction, or 0.34 baht per note usage.
The Journey to Less-Cash Society: Thailand's Payment System at a Crossroads (PIER Discussion Paper No. 101), Lamsam, Pinthong, Rittinon, Shimnoi & Trakiatikul, 2018 · page 16
Note
Covers the Bank of Thailand's and banks' production, logistics, operating and holding costs of cash in 2017, not people's time or travel. The authors call it a guesstimate and put an electronic transfer at THB 0.46 per transaction (page 18), which should be deducted to get the net saving. A discussion paper, not a journal article.
An illustrative estimate by the Bank of Thailand drawing on ETDA, the Revenue Department and an e-Tax invoice provider, with no base year given. One sentence says e-documents 'cost' about THB 21.24, but the panel is headed as an example of cost reduction, 21.24 is the sum of the three paper costs, and 21.24 × 12,000 documents gives the THB 254,880 a year it calls a saving, so it is the paper cost avoided. It does not deduct the cost of an e-document service, and delivery (THB 20) is most of it, so use the full value only for documents that used to be posted or couriered.
Use it as the loss avoided when one online scam is prevented. A police figure read from a news report, not the agency's own release. Reported cases only, with no deduction for funds frozen or recovered, and a few very large cases can pull the average well above a typical victim's loss.
12.6% of labour productivity per one-point rise in the digital scoreYear of value 2025Percentage, not a money value
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
The aggregate Digital Total Score is positively associated with labor productivity (β = 0.119, p < 0.01), equivalent to a 12.6 percent difference per one-point increase.
Digital Adoption and Labor Productivity in Thai Enterprises: A Quantile Regression Analysis from the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2025 (Wittawat Kadthan), Development Economic Review Vol. 20 No. 2, July–December 2026 · page 1
Note
A percentage, not baht. The 0–8 score gives one point per practice (website, broadband, online tax filing, at least 25, 50 and 75 percent of payments received electronically and so on). Productivity is sales per full-time employee, not value added. Use: the firm's baseline sales per employee × 0.126 per extra point. A cross-sectional association across 796 firms, not a causal effect, and stronger in smaller firms, so apply generous deadweight.
หลักสูตรการตรวจประเมินด้าน Digital Service (Digital Service Auditor Program)
Note
One provider's price (a state agency) for a digital-service auditor course, THB 4,500 a day. Use it as the market price only for comparable professional training, not for basic digital literacy courses, which are usually free. The July 2025 EDSP course has the same fee; a one-day course in December 2024 cost THB 5,000.
THE EXIT : เน็ตประชารัฐ ตอน 2 (ไทยพีบีเอส, 21 ส.ค. 2563)
Note
Use it as the replacement cost of bringing a fibre link to a remote village, not as the value villagers receive. A budget ceiling from the Cabinet resolution of 7 December 2016, not actual spending, excluding operation and maintenance, and the report does not say whether the Free Wi-Fi points are included. Read from a news report, not an agency document, and the State Audit Office found Free Wi-Fi use fell short of the project's aims.
OAE preliminary survey result for 2025, national average. Use it as a baseline, not as an outcome value: value only the extra income the project brings, net of deadweight. Replaces AG-02, which cited a news report.
Split into crops THB 111,054, livestock and aquaculture THB 24,828 and other THB 18,774. A baseline for the share of costs a project saves, not an outcome value in itself. Preliminary survey result. Replaces AG-03, which cited a news report.
Farm cash income of THB 239,435 less farm cash expenditure, excluding off-farm income. Preliminary survey result, for use as a baseline. Replaces AG-04, which cited a news report.
From an OAE study that interviewed 267 conventional farmers in 37 provinces, not OAE's official cost-of-production statistics, hence grade B. Includes non-cash costs. Yield 535.31 kg per rai, price THB 11.03 per kg. A baseline cost of main-season rice for conventional farmers.
The total cost gap (5.24%) between conventional farmers and members of community soil and fertiliser centres using soil-test-based fertiliser, 267 farmers each, from an OAE study. The groups were not randomised, so adjust for attribution. For programmes promoting soil-tested fertiliser in rice.
Already includes the cost saving in AG-06, so never add the two. Averages from non-randomised samples in an OAE study, not a controlled trial, so adjust for attribution.
Initial price set by the cabinet on 10 February 2026, not the final price. Adjusts by THB 53.40 per CCS unit. Read from the Public Relations Department Region 4 page, which republishes the Government House release; the Government House page could not be opened, hence grade D.
The article, citing the Rubber Authority of Thailand, puts the September 2026 average 40.9% above September of the previous year, so it is not a long-run price; test sensitivity. It does not say which market the price is from. Ribbed smoked sheet no. 3 in the same article is THB 84.62 per kg.
A stock of debt, not a yearly burden. Over 95.16% is formal credit and over 57.40% was borrowed for farm production. To value debt reduction, use the interest saved or the actual fall in debt among participants. Preliminary survey result.
Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). Prices swing widely (THB 99.46 in 2022, THB 68.90 in 2024), so test sensitivity, and deduct the fattening cost for a net value.
Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). Price per kg of live broilers aged about 35-45 days and weighing 1.90-2.40 kg, as the report defines it. Deduct the production cost for a net value.
Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). A farm-gate price. If the eggs replace eggs the household would have bought, the retail price is higher; choose the price that matches the outcome.
Table 4.1, 2025 column (the fifth). An official annual average, better suited to long-run projections than the monthly price in AG-13 (September 2026). OAE's 2025 commodity report prints THB 60,720 per tonne (THB 60.72 per kg) for the same year.
Table 8.8, 2025 column (the fifth). The price at the Bangkok Fish Market, not the pond-side price farmers receive, which may be lower. The figure was THB 50 in four of the five years shown, so treat it as a rough reference.
2025 column (the third). The same page gives a farm-gate price of THB 1,810 per tonne for mixed fresh roots and a net return of THB -320 per tonne. For a cost per rai, multiply by the project area's yield in tonnes per rai (preliminary 2025 national average 3,169 kg, or 3.169 tonnes, per rai).
Crop year 2025/26 column, which the document says stands for 2025. The same page gives a farm-gate price (14.5% moisture) of THB 7,690 per tonne and a net return of THB 930 per tonne. For a cost per rai, multiply by the local yield in tonnes per rai (national forecast as of March 2026: 803 kg, or 0.803 tonnes, per rai).
Data from the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board; the 2024/25 season column, which the document says stands for 2025. Farm-gate price THB 1,119 per tonne, net return THB -83 per tonne, average yield 9,560 kg per rai.
2025 column (the third), equal to THB 63.18 per kg. The same page gives THB 60,720 per tonne for grade 3 sheet and a net return of THB -2,460 per tonne; forecast average yield 216 kg per tapped rai.
2025 column (the third). The same page gives a farm-gate price of THB 6,090 per tonne for fresh fruit bunches of 15 kg and over and a net return of THB 3,080 per tonne; forecast average yield 3,281 kg per rai.
2025 column (the third). The same page gives THB 88,910 per tonne for mixed-grade Monthong and a net return of THB 56,920 per tonne; preliminary average yield 1,220 kg per rai. Costs vary widely with orchard age and region.
2025 column (the third). The same page gives THB 73.69 per kg for pigs of 100 kg and over and a net return of THB -2.57 per kg. Pair it with the price to get the net value of extra output.
2025 column (the third). Cost from the broiler production and marketing working group, for closed housing rather than smallholder flocks. The same page gives a price of THB 41.97 per kg and a net return of THB -0.36 per kg.
2025 column (the third), for closed housing; household or school flocks may cost more or less. The same page gives THB 3.63 per egg for size 3 and a net return of THB 0.37 per egg.
2025 column (the third). The same page gives THB 144.83 per kg for 70-per-kg shrimp and a net return of THB 18.63 per kg. Cost per kg depends on harvest size and survival rate.
Table 5.2, 2025 column (the fifth); OAE data compiled with the Department of Internal Trade. A Bangkok wholesale price; retail prices in the provinces are higher. A 50 kg sack is 1/20 of a tonne.
Table 5.2, 2025 column (the fifth); OAE data compiled with the Department of Internal Trade. A Bangkok wholesale price; retail prices in the provinces are higher. A 50 kg sack is 1/20 of a tonne.
Table 5.2, 2025 column (the fifth); OAE data compiled with the Department of Internal Trade. A Bangkok wholesale price; retail prices in the provinces are higher. A 50 kg sack is 1/20 of a tonne.
Applies to farm water pumps of government agencies, agricultural cooperatives and registered or officially recognised farmer groups in PEA's service area; individual farmers are not covered by this category. The first 100 units cost THB 2.0889 and the service charge is THB 115.16 per month. Excludes the Ft charge and VAT.
Midpoint of the THB 2-3 per kg range paid by a single buyer in a 2017 case study, not a market average, and only for paddy certified to Organic Thailand. Use the actual premium paid by buyers in the project area.
A conversion factor, not a money value. The table gives tCO2/MWh, which equals kgCO2/kWh. Multiply by the kWh saved, then by a carbon price you have verified. 2018–2022 series: 0.4872, 0.4770, 0.4758, 0.4857, 0.4682. TGO notice in use from 28 May 2025.
A conversion factor, not a money value. CO2, CH4 and N2O from IPCC 2006 defaults converted with Thai fuel properties, for stationary combustion such as generators and machinery; vehicles have separate factors in the same table. Multiply by litres of diesel saved and divide by 1,000 for tCO2e.
A conversion factor, not a money value. CO2, CH4 and N2O from IPCC 2006 defaults converted with Thai fuel properties, for stationary combustion such as generators and machinery; vehicles have separate factors in the same table. Multiply by litres of gasoline saved and divide by 1,000 for tCO2e.
A conversion factor, not a money value, from raw water intake to delivery, using TGO's 2022–2024 electricity factor. The same table has separate factors for the Metropolitan Waterworks and industrial estates. The previous edition (July 2022) gave 0.5410.
Rate 1.1 (up to 150 units a month), 26–200 unit block. Other blocks: 1–15 units 2.3488, 16–25 units 2.9882, 201–400 units 4.1584, above 400 units 4.3583 baht. Homes using more than 150 units (rate 1.2) also pay 3.0000 baht for the first 200 units. Excludes Ft and VAT. Applies from the September 2026 bill.
Average including Ft (16.23 satang per unit), excluding VAT. Read from a news report quoting the ERC spokesperson because the ERC page could not be opened.
Values greenhouse gas reductions at prices actually paid in Thailand. Although the rows say FY 2569 and the columns FY2026, the volumes and values are the sums of the cumulative since-FY2016 totals in dataset cc_02_01, whose metadata gives 2559 to 2568 (FY2016 to FY2025) as the data years, so this is a roughly ten-year average, not one year's price. Nearly 70% of the volume is low-priced renewable energy credits and prices range from THB 18 to 3,000; use the matching project type where one exists.
Formula
Total traded value of the 8 project types, THB 423,371,187 ÷ total traded volume, 4,904,654 tCO2e
For tree planting, community forest restoration or perennial crop projects. Printed as 411.2086356 and rounded to two decimals; although the column says FY2026 and baht, the volume of 375,933 tCO2e is the cumulative total since FY2016 of four methodologies in dataset cc_02_01. Prices in this group range from THB 55 to 3,000, and 86% of the volume is large-scale reforestation, which averaged THB 284.42.
One tonne of CO2e stored by a small sustainable reforestation project
Volume-weighted average price of credits under the "sustainable reforestation" methodology (small projects), cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 update
A very thin market: only 4,957 tCO2e have traded since FY2016, so a few trades can move the price a lot. The latest trade was THB 2,076.30, while large-scale reforestation credits (322,973 tCO2e) averaged only THB 284.42; use that value as a sensitivity test.
Suits community forest projects that protect existing forest. A thin market: only 47,993 tCO2e have traded since FY2016, at THB 1,066.87 to 2,000, and the figure is a cumulative average, not a single recent year.
For solar and other renewable power projects. Prices are far below forestry credits and cumulative volume is large (1,143,751 tCO2e since FY2016); the latest trade, THB 250, is well above this cumulative average, so test sensitivity with it.
One tonne of CO2e avoided by composting organic waste instead of landfilling it
Volume-weighted average price of credits under the "fertiliser or soil conditioner from organic waste" methodology, cumulative since FY2016 in TGO's April 2026 update
For community, school or municipal composting projects. A thin market: only 27,994 tCO2e have traded since FY2016, at THB 80 to 350, and tonnes of waste must first be converted to tCO2e with the TGO methodology.
215USD (2020 dollars) per tonne of CO2Year of value 2026
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
Table A.5.1: Unrounded SC-CO2, SC-CH4, and SC-N2O Values, 2020-2080 ... (2020 dollars per metric ton of CO2) (2020 dollars per metric ton of CH4) (2020 dollars per metric ton of N2O) ... 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% ... 2026 133 215 365 1,657 2,101 2,823 40,920 61,492 96,796
EPA Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates Incorporating Recent Scientific Advances (November 2023) · page 160
Note
In 2020 US dollars: bring it to the price year of the analysis, then convert with a BOT annual average rate (such as WF-16). The 2.5% and 1.5% values (USD 133 and 365) give a sensitivity range, and the figure measures global, not Thai, damage. US Executive Order 14154 (January 2025) withdrew social cost of greenhouse gas estimates as federal policy; EPA's web page for them now returns 'page not found', though the report file is still on EPA's site.
2,101USD (2020 dollars) per tonne of CH4Year of value 2026
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
Table A.5.1: Unrounded SC-CO2, SC-CH4, and SC-N2O Values, 2020-2080 ... (2020 dollars per metric ton of CO2) (2020 dollars per metric ton of CH4) (2020 dollars per metric ton of N2O) ... 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% ... 2026 133 215 365 1,657 2,101 2,823 40,920 61,492 96,796
EPA Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates Incorporating Recent Scientific Advances (November 2023) · page 160
Note
Apply it to tonnes of methane directly, without a GWP conversion, because EPA values methane damage separately. In 2020 US dollars: bring it to the price year of the analysis, then convert with a BOT annual average rate (such as WF-16). The 2.5% and 1.5% values are USD 1,657 and 2,823. US Executive Order 14154 (January 2025) withdrew social cost of greenhouse gas estimates as federal policy; EPA's web page for them now returns 'page not found', though the report file is still on EPA's site.
61,492USD (2020 dollars) per tonne of N2OYear of value 2026
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
Table A.5.1: Unrounded SC-CO2, SC-CH4, and SC-N2O Values, 2020-2080 ... (2020 dollars per metric ton of CO2) (2020 dollars per metric ton of CH4) (2020 dollars per metric ton of N2O) ... 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% ... 2026 133 215 365 1,657 2,101 2,823 40,920 61,492 96,796
EPA Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates Incorporating Recent Scientific Advances (November 2023) · page 160
Note
Apply it to tonnes of N2O directly, without a GWP conversion. In 2020 US dollars: bring it to the price year of the analysis, then convert with a BOT annual average rate (such as WF-16). The 2.5% and 1.5% values are USD 40,920 and 96,796, and the figure measures global damage. US Executive Order 14154 (January 2025) withdrew social cost of greenhouse gas estimates as federal policy; EPA's web page for them now returns 'page not found', though the report file is still on EPA's site.
RETAIL PRICE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN BANGKOK ... UNIT: BATH/LITRE ... 2025 (MIN),41.5441525857655,,33.2544482846902,31.0468407578085,29.3856137992832,32.8841525857655,#DIV/0!,31.9454301075269 ... (WT.AVG) ,41.5624703098104,,33.284754787735,31.0989467531614,29.3856137992832,32.8531579621096,#DIV/0!,31.9585229922608
TABLE 9: Retail Price of Petroleum Products in Bangkok (P09.xls)
Note
Printed as 31.9585229922608 in the HSD B7 column of the 2025 (WT.AVG) row and rounded to 31.96. Bangkok prices; provinces are usually slightly higher. The same table shows much higher 2026 prices (THB 44.13 on average in April), so use the price for the year assessed.
RETAIL PRICE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN BANGKOK ... UNIT: BATH/LITRE ... 2025 (MIN),41.5441525857655,,33.2544482846902,31.0468407578085,29.3856137992832,32.8841525857655,#DIV/0!,31.9454301075269 ... (WT.AVG) ,41.5624703098104,,33.284754787735,31.0989467531614,29.3856137992832,32.8531579621096,#DIV/0!,31.9585229922608
TABLE 9: Retail Price of Petroleum Products in Bangkok (P09.xls)
Note
Printed as 33.284754787735 in the GASOHOL 95 (E10) column of the 2025 (WT.AVG) row and rounded to 33.28. Bangkok prices; fuel prices swing widely, so use the average for the year assessed and test sensitivity.
อัตราค่าน้ำและบริการ (อัตราค่าน้ำประปา WATER TARIFFS)
Note
Applies only to Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan. The tariff has been in force since December 1999; higher blocks cost more (THB 10.03 for 31 to 40 m³), and a raw water charge of 15 satang per m³, a meter-size monthly service fee and 7% VAT are added. PWA areas use a different tariff.
A state grant, not the full system cost; record it as a public input or as the share a household does not pay itself. Under the rules on MEA's registration site the grant towards equipment and installation is THB 50,000 per applicant, once only, for up to 1,000,000 applicants nationwide; systems must be 5 to 10 kW, connected by 30 September 2027, and the grant cannot be combined with the income tax exemption for solar installation. The figure comes from MEA's own announcement, as the agency taking registrations in its area.
TABLE A.3 Annual cost of health damages from PM2.5 exposure, 2019 ... TABLE A.3, continued US$, MILLIONS $ (PPP), MILLIONS MORBIDITY % OF GDP COST SHARE ECONOMY AAP HAP TOTAL AAP HAP TOTAL EQUIVALENT (%) ... Thailand 26,260 6,581 32,841 64,667 16,207 80,874 6.0 14
The Global Health Cost of PM2.5 Air Pollution: A Case for Action Beyond 2021 (World Bank, 2022) · page 69
Note
Equal to 6.0% of GDP; ambient PM2.5 accounts for USD 26,260 million, in 2019 US dollars. Use it as national context, not a per-person value. Mortality is valued with a value of statistical life transferred from OECD studies, so the figure is a model estimate.
TABLE A.1, continued AMBIENT PM2.5 SOLID-FUEL USE DEATHS FROM PM2.5 YLDS FROM PM2.5 ... AAP HAP AAP HAP ... Thailand 27.4 21 32,211 7,449 171,033 64,960 ... TABLE A.3, continued US$, MILLIONS $ (PPP), MILLIONS ... AAP HAP TOTAL AAP HAP TOTAL ... Thailand 26,260 6,581 32,841
The Global Health Cost of PM2.5 Air Pollution: A Case for Action Beyond 2021 (World Bank, 2022) · page 69
Note
In 2019 US dollars; convert with a BOT average exchange rate. It includes illness costs (morbidity is 14% of Thailand's total PM2.5 cost), so it is slightly above the value of a statistical life the report uses, and the deaths a project actually avoids must be estimated from epidemiological evidence.
Formula
USD 26,260 million (ambient PM2.5 cost, Table A.3, PDF page 69) ÷ 32,211 deaths (ambient PM2.5 deaths, Table A.1, PDF page 58)
Table 53: Damage and losses in housing, by province HOUSING DAMAGE LOSSES HOUSEHOLD PROVINCE Number of Estimate GOODS Temporary shelter Debris cleaning TOTAL damaged of cost & utilities (also cleaning of houses (Thb) DAMAGE ... 7,848,349,383 38,059,345,564 35,925,945,652 1,966,524,852 1,956,578 83,800,165,452
Thai Flood 2011: Rapid Assessment for Resilient Recovery and Reconstruction Planning, Vol. 2: Final Report (World Bank, 2012) · page 173
Note
In 2011 prices; rebase with the CPI before use. It is a rapid assessment built from flood maps and the team's assumptions, covering 26 provinces in a long flood (evacuation of over three months in places), and the almost THB 36 billion of evacuation costs fell mainly on host families, agencies, firms and donors rather than on the households themselves. The table totals are used because some province rows contain typos.
Table 53: Damage and losses in housing, by province HOUSING DAMAGE LOSSES HOUSEHOLD PROVINCE Number of Estimate GOODS Temporary shelter Debris cleaning TOTAL damaged of cost & utilities (also cleaning of houses (Thb) DAMAGE ... 7,848,349,383 38,059,345,564 35,925,945,652 1,966,524,852 1,956,578 83,800,165,452
Thai Flood 2011: Rapid Assessment for Resilient Recovery and Reconstruction Planning, Vol. 2: Final Report (World Bank, 2012) · page 173
Note
Suits early-warning or preparedness projects that help households move belongings in time. In 2011 prices; rebase with the CPI. The report finds most housing damage was to household goods; structural damage averaged about THB 4,011 per house.
Municipal Solid Waste (All Public) ... multiply by the average cost of collection and treatment/disposal using THB 1,000 per ton of waste (from discus- sion with BMA staff).
Thai Flood 2011: Rapid Assessment for Resilient Recovery and Reconstruction Planning, Vol. 2: Final Report (World Bank, 2012) · page 373
Note
A round figure from discussion, not a published cost statistic, at 2011 Bangkok price levels. Use it only until a cost per tonne is available from the local authority's own budget or from the Pollution Control Department.
Bangkok car commuter no longer faces rush-hour congestion for a year
Annual cost of congestion per car, rush hour against off-peak travel: time, fuel, maintenance and greenhouse gas damage (5% discount rate on GHG damage)
Cost (SC) using a 5-percent discount rate 76,155.00 158.76 145.28 7.42 (2,538.50) (5.29) (4.84) (0.25) Cost (SC) using a 2.5-percent discount rate 77,021.00 158.76 146.90 7.45
The Cost of Traffic Congestion and Marginal Cost of Delay in Bangkok Metropolis (Asian Journal of Applied Economics Vol. 31 No. 2, 2024) · page 10
Note
For projects that ease congestion or move Bangkok car commuters to mass transit. In 2023 prices, inflated with the CPI from a 2015 survey of about 212 car commuters in Bangkok and its suburbs; 85% of it is time. Table 5 gives 76,155 baht at a 5% discount rate and 77,021 baht at 2.5%, which matches the sum of its components and the city total on p. 60; the text on p. 59 swaps the two. The authors call it a lower bound: tolls, health effects and business costs are left out.
Cost (SC) using a 5-percent discount rate 76,155.00 158.76 145.28 7.42 (2,538.50) (5.29) (4.84) (0.25) Cost (SC) using a 2.5-percent discount rate 77,021.00 158.76 146.90 7.45
The Cost of Traffic Congestion and Marginal Cost of Delay in Bangkok Metropolis (Asian Journal of Applied Economics Vol. 31 No. 2, 2024) · page 10
Note
Count per trip when a project cuts rush-hour congestion delay for car commuters. It is the extra cost caused by congestion, not the full cost of the trip. In 2023 prices from a 2015 survey; the average one-way trip was 20.8 km, 64 minutes at rush hour and 29 minutes off-peak. 158.76 baht matches the components at the 5% discount rate (128.09 + 30.30 + 0.34); the table prints the same figure for 2.5%, but those components add to about 160.75.
The results on VOT point out that the southern border provinces have average traveling time value of 69.20 Baht per hour which is 58.65 percent less than the national value of time (117.99 baht per hour). Moreover, when classified the VOT by the type of vehicle, the VOT of car and motorcycle are 103.22 and 60.00 Baht per hour, respectively.
For road or travel projects in the southern border area or other areas with incomes below the national average. From 406 respondents in Mueang Narathiwat in 2020 (roadside on local road NT.Th 1-0033 and an online questionnaire), 78% of them motorcyclists. It is average hourly income (86.50 baht) times 80%, the factor for work trips; split by trip purpose the values are lower (Table 5, p. 15).
The results on VOT point out that the southern border provinces have average traveling time value of 69.20 Baht per hour which is 58.65 percent less than the national value of time (117.99 baht per hour). Moreover, when classified the VOT by the type of vehicle, the VOT of car and motorcycle are 103.22 and 60.00 Baht per hour, respectively.
For motorcyclists, the main road users in rural areas. From the 315 respondents who mainly ride motorcycles, Mueang Narathiwat, 2020; hourly income times 80% (the work-trip factor). Table 5 gives 54.44 baht for work trips and 41.61 for other trips. A low-income area value; elsewhere treat it as a lower bound.
The results on VOT point out that the southern border provinces have average traveling time value of 69.20 Baht per hour which is 58.65 percent less than the national value of time (117.99 baht per hour). Moreover, when classified the VOT by the type of vehicle, the VOT of car and motorcycle are 103.22 and 60.00 Baht per hour, respectively.
For car drivers in areas with incomes below the national average. Based on only 91 respondents who mainly drive cars, Mueang Narathiwat, 2020, so less precise than the motorcycle value; hourly income times 80% (the work-trip factor). Table 5 gives 93.18 baht for work trips and 70.07 for other trips.
Pairs with WF-12 (4 baht per km by car) from the same document. A flat allowance the government pays, not a measured operating cost. The rate is set by the Ministry of Finance; the handbook lists Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0502/Wor 42 of 26 July 2007 on cross-province hire vehicles and compensation among its rules. It is read from the Department of Older Persons' handbook (around 2021), not the Ministry's own notice, hence grade D; check that it is still the current rate before use.
The Department of Highways' 2007 cost per case, as in HL-08 and HL-09, which the Department of Disease Control multiplies by the 2021 injury count; it is in 2007 prices and must be rebased from 2007. Totals are printed in millions, so the result is approximate. The five-year figures in the same document (THB 144,957 million ÷ 4,768,219 cases) give about THB 30,400, so report a range and test sensitivity.
The Department of Highways' 2007 cost per case, which the Department of Disease Control multiplies by the 2021 count; it is in 2007 prices and must be rebased from 2007. The five-year figures in the same document agree (THB 306,156 million ÷ 49,644, about THB 6,167,000). The count of disabled people is an estimate (4.6% of admitted injuries), not an observed count, and they are also counted among serious injuries, so do not add HL-09 for the same person.
Use as the baseline for household travel spending, for example the share a project saves. A national monthly average over all households, including those with no vehicle (section 3.3.5, p. 24), out of 22,420 baht of total spending (EM-09). The report does not split fuel, fares or vehicle purchases. Multiply by 12 for a year.
Use to gauge a household's housing burden, not as a rent price: it is the total for housing and household goods, averaged over all households, renters and owners alike (section 3.3.5, p. 24). The report does not give rent actually paid. Multiply by 12 for a year.
Use as the public support per home in repairing run-down, unsafe houses of poor rural households. From CODI's own news page (3 April 2024). Wang Tha Chang subdistrict received 1,659,000 baht for 79 households (also 21,000), but the 13-province regional total of 29,610,000 baht for 1,417 households averages about 20,900, so it is an average allocation, not a fixed rate, and not the cost or value of the whole home.
Formula
4,326,000 baht ÷ 206 households = 21,000 baht per household
Applies in Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan; the same rate applies to a 15(45) A single-phase meter. It is 0 baht when an MEA-registered installer is used, and MEA takes no security deposit from new residential users. The page gives no effective date or VAT treatment; the year is when the page was checked. The fee alone excludes house wiring and grid extension and understates what having its own meter is worth to a household.
The table prints a total of 400 baht including a 300 baht deposit, but PEA has taken no deposit from new residential users since 20 March 2020, so a household pays 100 baht before VAT; a 15(45) A single-phase meter costs 700 baht. In force since 1 January 2020 and still shown on the page in 2026. The fee alone excludes house wiring and grid extension.
Applies in Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan under MWA order 737/2568, in force since 20 March 2025. Covers labour and materials with no deposit, excludes VAT, and covers a service pipe of up to 20 m (longer runs are charged at cost). A 3/4-inch meter costs 6,000 baht. House plumbing is not included.
The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.
The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.
The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.
The stepped rate by age as stated by the Department of Older Persons. A state transfer: use it as a floor for basic income, not as the value of wellbeing. Count only the extra take-up the project actually causes. The page gives no effective date, so the year of access is used.
A token payment below market wages, so a floor for volunteer time. Alternatively value volunteer hours at the minimum wage (EM-03). Budgeted from FY2024 under the cabinet resolution reported on 9 March 2023. Read from a provincial PR office news page, not the cabinet resolution or a Ministry of Public Health notice, hence grade D.
Imprisonment avoided (less reoffending or a non-custodial sentence)
Department of Corrections unit cost per person of its two main outputs, "inmates held in custody and cared for" and "inmates corrected, rehabilitated and given behaviour development", FY2020
Sum of the per-person costs of the two main outputs in Table 6, both divided by the same 358,369 persons under correction and including off-budget funds, the central fund and depreciation. It is an average, not a marginal cost, and FY2020 is the latest unit-cost report found on the department's website, so rebase it with the CPI before use. It equals the figure CM-06 took from a news story, now read from the department's own report.
Formula
THB 44,231.39 (custody and care) + 280.25 (correction, rehabilitation and behaviour development) per person under correction, Table 6, p. 16
For children from birth to six in families the page describes as earning on average no more than THB 100,000 a year. A transfer: use it only when the project helps families claim a benefit they were missing. Read from a government information portal, not a notice of the Department of Children and Youth, hence grade D.
An approximate figure from a 2017 willingness-to-pay survey in Saraburi. It is large and can dominate an SROI total, so adjust for CPI, test sensitivity and compare with HL-08.
The fee at one historical park (Phimai), subsidised and so far below what visitors actually value; other sites may charge differently. Foreign visitors pay THB 100. The page gives no effective year, so the year of access is used.
For scale only, not an outcome value. A Deputy Prime Minister's remark in a 5 December 2024 news report that the fund's assessed capital has been THB 1 million per village in recent years. The same report gives a THB 11,000 million injection. Confirm with the National Village and Urban Community Fund Office.
The article adds an intake fee of THB 6,000 to four weeks at THB 5,950 at an unnamed public hospital. A price paid by the patient, not the public cost. Use it only when no figure from a treatment agency is available, and test sensitivity.
The FY2018 activity cost divided by the 190,799 cases counted that year, so an average per case for that year, not for a whole probation term. The table lists public personnel costs as a separate activity, so this figure may not include all staff costs and should be read as a low value. If it is set against CM-06, note the different year and costing method, and rebase it with the CPI because the base year is old.
Average Department of Probation cost per case in FY2018 (117,033 cases). It excludes the costs of hospitals and other agencies that deliver treatment, the separate drug-dependence assessment activity (THB 5,466.41 per case in the same table) and possibly the personnel costs the table lists separately, so it is a lower bound of treatment cost per case. The base year is old; rebase it with the CPI.
The activity cost divided by 661 cases in FY2018. The small caseload makes the average sensitive to each year's budget, and it may leave out the personnel costs listed separately and costs carried by partners that help run the houses. The base year is old; rebase it with the CPI.
Rate set by the MSDHS notice on funeral assistance, in force since 20 May 2020; amendment No. 2 (in force 16 Sep 2023) changed eligibility and documents, not the amount (PDF pp. 37 to 38). It covers older people with state welfare card rights or certified as eligible, and those in state or local government care homes. It is a cash grant, not the actual cost of a funeral.
A ceiling per occasion, up to three times per person per year (at most 9,000 baht a year), under the MSDHS notice in force since 20 May 2020. Actual payments are set case by case and may be lower.
Rate agreed with the Comptroller General's Department (letter 0402.2/40466 of 18 Oct 2022, cited on p. 8). For a bedridden person or one who needs medical equipment the committee may pay up to 3,000 baht a month. It is a carer subsidy, not the full cost of care.
Flat-rate ceiling under Comptroller General letter 0402.5/049435 (23 Dec 2022), covering materials, the builder's fee (30 to 37 percent of materials), the estimator and administration. It applies to poor older people whose homes are insecure or unsafe. It is a ceiling; actual spending per house may be lower.
Paid to the person who arranges the funeral; heirs also receive a death grant of 2 months' average wages (36 to 119 months of contributions) or 6 months' (120 months or more), as the same page says. This is the Social Security Fund page for insured persons; for Section 40 see CM-25. It is an existing entitlement, so it counts only where a project helps people claim it (page dated 20 Aug 2026).
For projects that enrol informal workers in Section 40. Under options 1 and 2 heirs also receive an 8,000 baht death grant after at least 60 months of contributions, while option 3 pays a 50,000 baht funeral grant (same page). It is an entitlement, not the actual cost of a funeral; the page is dated 23 Aug 2024 and still showed this rate when read on 1 Nov 2026.
Read from a news release of the MSDHS, which runs disability policy, but the rate is set by an Interior Ministry regulation and paid by local governments, and the regulation could not be opened, hence grade D. The release says the national disability committee agreed on 4 June 2026 to raise it to 1,000 baht per person per month and that the ministry would put this to the cabinet, so the rise was not in force as of 29 June 2026. The release gives no rates by group (some, such as state welfare card holders, may receive more); check the regulation and any later cabinet decision before use.
The 2023 example on the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities FAQ page (item 24). For other years, multiply the lowest national minimum wage last in force in the previous year by 365, as clause 5 of the 2011 ministerial regulation says. It is a transfer between employer and fund, not the social value of the job; use it only for the cost the employer avoids.
Formula
Lowest national minimum wage last in force in the previous year, THB 328 × 365 days
For valuing what Thai visitors spend locally per day. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use. The average blends overnight and same-day visitors.
Multiply by days stayed for spending per trip; the same file gives an average stay of 2.22 days for Thais. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Suits community tourism projects where most visitors come for the day; a same-day trip lasts one day, so this is close to spending per trip. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Use when the outcome is counted in visits; overnight and same-day visitors are blended. The ministry counts visitors province by province and the national total adds up the regions, so one trip through several provinces, or several trips by one person, count several times. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Formula
THB 1,181,210.55 million ÷ 279,282,515 visitor trips
Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Use instead of the national average for projects in this region, which here covers the central and western provinces, such as Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi and Phetchaburi, but not Bangkok. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
Use instead of the national average for projects in this region. Blends overnight and same-day visitors. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
[sheet Q1-Q4] TOURISM RECEIPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS | JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025 | Length of Stay (Days) | Per Capita Spending Baht/Day | Grand Total | 32,974,321 | 9.89 | 4,864.85 | 147.96 | 1,587,208.17 | 48,272.90
TOURISM RECEIPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS Q1 - Q4 2025
Note
A national average over the whole stay (9.89 days on average), not spending in any one place; the same file breaks it down by nationality. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
[sheet Q1-Q4] TOURISM RECEIPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS | JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025 | No. of Arrivals | Tourism Receipts Mil. Baht | Grand Total | 32,974,321 | 9.89 | 4,864.85 | 147.96 | 1,587,208.17 | 48,272.90
TOURISM RECEIPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS Q1 - Q4 2025
Note
For national or city-level projects that bring in extra international tourists. It covers spending over the whole trip across Thailand, not in the project area. It is gross spending, not net community income, so deduct leakage out of the area and deadweight before use.
คู่มือการเข้าใช้บริการ Sat Fitness Center · page 2
Note
The official fee of the Sports Authority of Thailand's own fitness centre, so a single provider's price rather than a market average; private gym prices vary widely. The annual rate is THB 13,200, and people aged 15-18 or 60 and over get 50% off. The manual gives no effective date, so the year the file was posted (2026) is used.
คู่มือการเข้าใช้บริการ Sat Fitness Center · page 2
Note
The official day rate of the Sports Authority of Thailand's own fitness centre, so a single provider's price. Use when outcomes are counted in days of use; for regular users the monthly rate of THB 1,500 works out far lower per visit.
Covers shoes, equipment, clothing, food, travel and entry fees. Each category is averaged only over people who spent on it and the averages are added up, so the total overstates what a typical person spends. The 6,047 respondents were surveyed in two rounds in Bangkok and its vicinity and ten provinces; the report does not describe random sampling, and most are single (74.7%) and hold a bachelor's degree (56.1%).
Stated by respondents, and stated values tend to run higher than what people would actually pay. Like actual spending, it adds up category averages over those who answered each category and comes from the same 6,047 respondents, whom the report does not describe as a random sample. Pair it with actual spending of THB 8,892.98 in a sensitivity test.
The report multiplies surveyed admission rates (0.117 and 0.094 a year) by a unit cost of THB 20,445 per admission taken from another study, so this is an estimate built on that study, not a measured cost. The gap is an association from a survey, not a causal effect, and it is unstable: for 2024 the same table gives THB 3,107.64 against 1,799.16. Inpatient care only.
Compared to active participants, direct and societal cost of past-month outpatient illness were 153 THB (4.18 USD) (95%CI: –54.7 to 360 THB) and 426 THB (11.7 USD) (95%CI: 23.3 to 829 THB) higher in physically inactive individuals, respectively, adjusted for covariates.
The association between health costs and physical inactivity; analysis from the Physical Activity at Work study in Thailand · page 1
Note
An association, not a causal effect; the authors warn of reverse causation. Societal cost covers treatment, travel and absence from work. The sample is 277 Ministry of Public Health office workers surveyed in 2020-2021, costs are in 2022 prices, the confidence interval is wide (THB 23.3 to 829), and no significant difference was found for inpatient care.
Willingness to Pay an Entrance Fee for Chao Sam Phraya National Museum (ความเต็มใจที่จะจ่ายเพื่อเข้าชมพิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ เจ้าสามพระยา) · page 2
Note
A contingent valuation of 514 Thai visitors aged 18 and over, chosen by accidental (convenience) sampling at one museum in Ayutthaya, published as a peer-reviewed graduate conference paper. The paper does not date the survey, so 2025, the year of publication, is used. It is above the actual THB 30 fee.
Willingness to Pay an Entrance Fee for Chao Sam Phraya National Museum (ความเต็มใจที่จะจ่ายเพื่อเข้าชมพิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ เจ้าสามพระยา) · page 9
Note
The official fee for Thai nationals at this one museum, so a single facility's price; it is read from a research paper rather than the Fine Arts Department's own notice, so check the department's current rate before use. It is subsidised, so it understates what visitors value.
Higher grades (such as special-skill, expert, senior director and executive) get THB 270 a day. Read from a Department of Older Persons manual summarising the Ministry of Finance rules, not the rules themselves, hence grade D. The manual does not say when this rate was set; the year given is that of the regulation it cites. Check for later amendments before use.
Pairs with TR-06 (THB 2 per km by motorcycle). Use it to value trips no longer needed when a service moves online or closer to home. A flat allowance the government pays, not a measured operating cost. The year is that of Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0502/Wor 42 of 26 July 2007 on compensation, which the manual cites. Same caveat as WF-10.
100.40index (2023 = 100)Year of value 2024Index for rebasing, not a money value
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
General Consumer Price Index 93.13 98.79 100.00 100.40
Thai Economic Indicators 2025, Table 5.11 Consumer Price Index 2021–2024 (Fixed Base Year 2023) · page 108
Note
Base-2023 series: 2021 = 93.13, 2022 = 98.79, 2023 = 100.00, 2024 = 100.40. Rebase with value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source. Do not mix with the base-2019 series (WF-14).
Converts US-dollar proxies to baht for the same year. On the page, choose the annual period and then the range of years. Earlier years in the same table: 2024 = 35.2952, 2023 = 34.8068, 2022 = 35.0653, 2021 = 31.9807, 2020 = 31.2955. The full-year 2024 average is 35.2952; the 35.49 used in WF-16 came from the EC_EI_027 table, which marks it preliminary, and equals the average of the January to October 2024 monthly rates only.
Converts values borrowed from UK studies or databases to baht at the market rate. The market rate does not adjust for price levels; for transferred wellbeing values use the PPP rate (WF-21) and state the assumption. 2024 = 45.0944. Choose the annual period on the page.
Converts proxies from European studies to baht at the market rate. Same price-level caveat as WF-17. 2024 = 38.1751. Choose the annual period on the page.
Values run from 2024 (no data yet) back to 2013: 2013 = 96.47, 2014 = 98.30, 2015 = 97.42, 2016 = 97.60, 2017 = 98.25, 2018 = 99.30. Same series as WF-14, so rebase to 2023 prices with × 107.78 ÷ the source-year index (the table marks 2022 to 2024 as preliminary). The page shows 2019 to 2024 by default; select 2013 to 2024, and never mix this series with the base-2023 one (WF-13).
10.907THB per international dollar (PPP)Year of value 2024Conversion factor, not a money value
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
{"indicator":{"id":"PA.NUS.PRVT.PP","value":"PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2024","value":10.9070137682603
World Bank API: PA.NUS.PRVT.PP PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $), 2024
Note
Baht that buy the household consumption one US dollar buys in the US (rounded from 10.9070137682603). Convert with value in baht = foreign value × (Thai PPP ÷ source-country PPP). The database notes that the latest ICP results were published on 30 May 2024; later years are estimates and may be revised. The 2025 value in the same database (date=2025) is 10.6063.
15.98THB per pound sterling (PPP)Year of value 2024Conversion factor, not a money value
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
"country":{"id":"GB","value":"United Kingdom"},"countryiso3code":"GBR","date":"2024","value":0.682739,"unit":"","obs_status":"","decimal":2},{"indicator":{"id":"PA.NUS.PRVT.PP","value":"PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $)"},"country":{"id":"TH","value":"Thailand"},"countryiso3code":"THA","date":"2024","value":10.9070137682603
World Bank API: PA.NUS.PRVT.PP PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $), 2024
Note
Far below the market rate (THB 45.09 per pound in 2024, see the note to WF-17) because Thai prices are lower. Use it for wellbeing values borrowed from UK databases so they are not overstated, and consider a further adjustment for the income gap. 2025 from the same series (date=2025): 10.6062585640682 ÷ 0.701529 = 15.12.
Apply the same rate to costs and outcomes and test 0 to 6% in sensitivity analysis when the time horizon is 30 years or less (p. 124). It is guidance for health technology appraisals, not a social discount rate the state sets for all projects, and no rate set by NESDC or the Budget Bureau was found, so pair it with sensitivity tests.
6percent per yearYear of value 2017Percentage, not a money value
Evidence and caveats
Text in the source
control, control of deforestation, and disaster risk management), a lower discount rate of 6% can be applied as the minimum required EIRR.20 When the lower rate is used, a clear rationale should be provided.
Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects (2017), paragraph 194 · page 67
Note
The sentence starts on p. 66: it covers social sector projects, selected poverty-targeting projects (such as rural roads and rural electrification) and projects that primarily generate environmental benefits, and a clear rationale is required when it is used. For other investment projects such as transport and energy ADB uses 9% (p. 66). It is ADB practice, not a rate set by the Thai government; use it as a sensitivity case alongside 3% (WF-22).
A ceiling under Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/Wor 5 (14 Jan 2013), not a market price. Not all meals: THB 400; type A, all meals: THB 850. The table prints no unit; it is read as per person per day because the rate depends on whether all meals are provided. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance letter itself could not be opened, hence grade D. Check for amendments after 2013 before use.
Not all meals: THB 700; type A, all meals: THB 1,200, under Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/Wor 5 (14 Jan 2013). Same unit caveat as WF-24. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance letter itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
Training for non-government participants means more than half the trainees are not public personnel, such as youth, village health volunteers or older people (PDF p. 25). Not all meals: THB 300. A ceiling under the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012); same unit caveat as WF-24. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
Not all meals: THB 600. A ceiling under the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012); same unit and scope caveats as WF-24 and WF-26. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
With one meal provided: THB 160; with two: THB 80. Raised from THB 120 in the 2006 rules to THB 240 in amendment No. 3 of 2012 (PDF p. 16). A ceiling the state pays, not what trainees actually spend. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
Applies when the agency pays trainees a lump-sum lodging allowance; if the organiser books rooms, use WF-30. A ceiling under the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012). Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
Single room: THB 1,200. The rules default to shared rooms unless that is unsuitable or there is good reason (PDF p. 22). A ceiling on actual spending, not a market room rate. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023), which summarises the Ministry of Finance training rules (No. 3, 2012); the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
Single room: THB 1,450; type A: twin THB 1,300, single THB 2,400, under Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/Wor 5 (14 Jan 2013). A ceiling on actual spending, not a market room rate. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the Ministry of Finance letter itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
Under Cabinet Secretariat letter Nor Ror 0506.4/Wor 24 (6 Feb 2013), which endorses Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/840 (16 Jan 2013). Combine with refreshments (WF-34) for a cost per participant. A ceiling, not a market price. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the letters themselves could not be opened, hence grade D.
At most 4 hours a day on working days; holidays: THB 60 an hour for up to 7 hours. A flat rate that ignores salary, so it understates the real cost of staff time; treat it as a floor. Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on overtime pay (May 2022), which summarises the Ministry of Finance overtime rules of 2007; the regulation itself could not be opened, hence grade D.
Private venue: THB 50 per person per break, under Cabinet Secretariat letter Nor Ror 0506.4/Wor 24 (6 Feb 2013), which endorses Ministry of Finance letter Kor Kor 0406.4/840 (16 Jan 2013). A ceiling, not a market price; combine with meals (WF-32). Read from the Department of Older Persons internal audit group's manual on training expenses (8 Jun 2023); the letters themselves could not be opened, hence grade D.
A value enters the bank only when a reviewer has opened the page that holds the figure and recorded the source text, so anyone can check it again. Values that cannot meet that bar are set aside and not counted.
01
Search verifiable sources
Start with notices, laws and statistics from Thai state bodies, then research and published reports. Market prices are used where no official source exists.
02
Open the page with the figure
The reviewer opens the page that holds the figure, copies the text with the number and the page number, and records the date checked.
03
Check again, independently
A second reviewer who did not do the search downloads every source again and rechecks the figure, unit, year and grade. Anything they cannot confirm stays out of the bank.
04
Grade the source
Grades A to D rate the source. An official figure read from news or another body's document, and one provider's or one facility's own price, are graded D.
05
Show every calculation
Derived values show their formula and inputs. They keep the source grade only when worked out by plain arithmetic from one publisher's figures; a value that needs assumptions is graded D.
06
Set aside what cannot be confirmed
Figures whose source page could not be reopened go on the excluded list and are checked again for the next edition.
Figure 2 How values were selected for this edition
414Items searched for
125Not yet confirmed from a source page we could openIncludes originals sought for copies we hold; the search continues
289Figure found with its source page
11Source page could not be reopenedLeft out; listed under scope and limits
278Values in this edition
243 read directly from the source
35 derived from figures in the source
Table 2. Source grades
GradeSourceValues
AOfficial statistics or rates set in lawPublished by the Thai state body that owns the figure or compiles the official statistics, such as the NSO, the Bank of Thailand, the Wage Committee, NHSO, SSO, TGO or OAE.16559%
BResearch with Thai figuresPeer-reviewed studies, international bodies or Thai research institutes, such as TDRI, PIER and HITAP.5419%
CProfessional and published reportsReports by NGOs, foundations, professional bodies, or published SROI reports with Thai values.10%
DMarket prices, news or derived valuesOne provider's or one facility's price, an official figure read from news or another body's document, or a value derived with assumptions.5821%
A grade rates the source, not how well a value fits your project. Pick values that match the outcome first, then use the grade to choose between them.
Profile of the bank
Where the values come from, and which year they describe
Use these two figures to judge how much adjusting a value needs before you use it.
Figure 3 Valuation method
Market price147
Replacement cost37
Derived33
Avoided cost31
Conversion factor21
Willingness to pay6
Revealed preference3
Figure 4 Year each value refers to
2004: 1
2007: 9
2011: 4
2012: 5
2013: 5
2015: 3
2016: 1
2017: 5
2018: 9
2019: 4
2020: 7
2021: 7
2022: 7
2023: 7
2024: 31
2025: 92
2026: 59
2027: 22
20042027
53 values refer to years before 2021; rebase them to the project year with the consumer price index before use. Next fiscal year rates are rates already announced.
Scope and limits
What this edition does not cover yet
Set out here so the bank is used within its limits.
Left out of this edition
EN-01
Average traded T-VER carbon credit price, FY2025
TGO's article could not be reopened and the carbon market portal blocks automated access
EN-02
Highest traded forestry carbon credit price
Same reason as EN-01
CM-09
Foster family support grant
The Public Relations Department page returned errors when reopened
CM-10
Disability allowance, aged 18 or over
The Public Relations Department page returned errors; the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities page should be used instead
CM-11
Disability allowance, under 18
Same reason as CM-10
WF-02
Registered population, 31 Dec 2025
The news page returned errors; the Central Registration Office notice should be used instead
WF-03
Budget per head of population
Derived from WF-02, so removed with it
WF-06
Speaker fee ceiling for state-employee speakers under the training expense regulation
The first edition read it from an undated slide deck that names no regulation; on re-checking, its table cannot be read unambiguously, so it is withdrawn until it can be read from the Ministry of Finance regulation itself.
WF-07
Speaker fee ceiling for non-state speakers under the training expense regulation
The first edition read it from an undated slide deck that names no regulation; on re-checking, its table cannot be read unambiguously, so it is withdrawn until it can be read from the Ministry of Finance regulation itself.
WF-08
Refreshments per participant, government venue
The first edition read it from an undated slide deck that names no regulation; on re-checking, its table cannot be read unambiguously, so it is withdrawn. This edition uses WF-34 instead, read from the Department of Older Persons' manual, which cites the Ministry of Finance letter.
WF-09
Refreshments per participant, private venue
Same reason as WF-08. The private-venue rate is given in the note to WF-34.
Known gaps
National standard unit costs per outpatient visit and inpatient day, and NHSO fee-schedule rates for 2026 and 2027
Yearly traded prices of Premium T-VER credits, and emission factors for fertiliser and landfilled waste
Collection and disposal cost per tonne of municipal and industrial waste
Bus, metro and rail fares, and the Department of Highways' vehicle operating cost per km
The 2027 minimum wage and the skill-standard wage rates, from the notices themselves
BAAC lending rates, the rice crop insurance premium and the daily farm labour wage
Police and court costs per case, and drug treatment cost per person
Wages by level of education, and provincial GDP per head
Before you use a value
A proxy is a starting point; adapt it to the project's outcome and stakeholders.
Many values are floors, claim ceilings or benchmarks rather than the value of the outcome itself. Read the note first.
Market prices and announced rates change. Check the value's year and the date it was checked.
Seen a value that has changed, or an official source we should add? Tell our team
References
128 sources
In the order they appear in Table 1. Titles stay in the language they were published in.
[1]
National Health Security Board (NHSO), via the government law portal. ประกาศคณะกรรมการหลักประกันสุขภาพแห่งชาติ เรื่อง การดำเนินงานและการบริหารจัดการกองทุนหลักประกันสุขภาพแห่งชาติ และค่าใช้จ่ายเพื่อบริการสาธารณสุข ประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570 พ.ศ. 2569 (ข้อ 9). dga-backoffice-upload.law.go.th
Injury Prevention Division, Department of Disease Control (2007 Department of Highways cost base). สถานการณ์อุบัติเหตุทางถนนของประเทศไทย (สไลด์ข้อมูล ปี 2560-2564). ddc.moph.go.th
Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program Foundation (HITAP), in the Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI) repository. เพดานความคุ้มค่าของบัญชียาหลักแห่งชาติ: อดีต ปัจจุบัน และอนาคต (HITAP Policy Brief ปีที่ 13 ฉบับที่ 205, กรกฎาคม 2568). kb.hsri.or.th
Jomnonkwao et al., Suranaree University of Technology (PLOS ONE). Factors influencing willingness to pay for accident risk reduction among personal car drivers in Thailand (PLOS ONE 16(11): e0260666, 2021). journals.plos.org
Tozan et al., Mahidol University and Heidelberg University (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases). Household costs of hospitalized dengue illness in semi-rural Thailand (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11(9): e0005961, 2017). journals.plos.org
Chiang Mai University (Frontiers in Endocrinology). Economic Burdens for Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in North Thailand: A Hospital-Based Observational Study (Frontiers in Endocrinology 13: 824545, 2022). frontiersin.org
Thai CaseMix Centre (TCMC) (Khiaocharoen et al.), in the Journal of Health Systems Research, Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI). วิธีวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนรายโรคสำหรับประเทศไทย: วิธีต้นทุนจุลภาค (Unit Cost per Disease Methodology for Thailand: Micro-Costing Method), วารสารวิจัยระบบสาธารณสุข ปีที่ 14 ฉบับที่ 2 (2563) หน้า 156-174. kb.hsri.or.th
Aramrat et al., Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and HITAP (BMC Primary Care). Costs of the HEARTS hypertension program in primary care in Lampang province, Thailand (BMC Primary Care 26: 120, 2025). bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com
Kumluang et al. (BMJ Open), copy in the University of Glasgow repository. Stroke resource utilisation and all-cause mortality in Thailand 2017–2020: a retrospective, cross-sectional study (BMJ Open 13(6): e072259, 2023). eprints.gla.ac.uk
Luangsinsiri et al., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University (Global Health Research and Policy). Economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2021 (Global Health Research and Policy 8: 51, 2023). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Songkhla Provincial Public Health Office (J. Health Sci Ped, a peer-reviewed Thai journal). การบริหารต้นทุนบริการของโรงพยาบาลชุมชน จังหวัดสงขลา (Service Cost Management for Community Hospitals in Songkhla Province), วารสารศาสตร์สุขภาพและการศึกษา ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 1 (2566) หน้า 28-45. he02.tci-thaijo.org
Khon Kaen Provincial Public Health Office (JKKPHO, a peer-reviewed journal). การวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนบริการของโรงพยาบาลส่งเสริมสุขภาพตำบล ในสังกัดสำนักงานสาธารณสุขจังหวัดขอนแก่น (The Unit Cost Analysis of Tambon Health Promoting Hospital under supervision of Khon Kaen Provincial Health Office), วารสารสำนักงานสาธารณสุขจังหวัดขอนแก่น ปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 2 (2564) หน้า 164-176. he02.tci-thaijo.org
Prasartpornsirichoke et al., Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (BMC Public Health). The prevalence and economic burden of treatment-resistant depression in Thailand (BMC Public Health 23, 2023). bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com
Sukmak and Thongkam (Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand). Costs of Inpatient Care for Schizophrenia at Khon Kaen Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital (Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand 58(4): 421-432). he01.tci-thaijo.org
Supeeranun et al. (Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, Department of Mental Health). Unit cost of mental health services of Mental Health Department 2004 (วารสารสุขภาพจิตแห่งประเทศไทย ปีที่ 15 ฉบับที่ 1 หน้า 1-9). he01.tci-thaijo.org
SSO Medical Committee, published by the Social Security Office. มติการประชุมคณะกรรมการการแพทย์ กองทุนประกันสังคม (ชุดที่ 17) ครั้งที่ 8/2568 วันจันทร์ที่ 15 ธันวาคม 2568 (เรื่อง 5). sso.go.th
SSO Medical Committee, published by the Social Security Office. มติการประชุมคณะกรรมการการแพทย์ กองทุนประกันสังคม (ชุดที่ 17) ครั้งที่ 5/2569 วันจันทร์ที่ 20 เมษายน 2569 (วาระสืบเนื่อง เรื่องที่ 1). sso.go.th
International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health. National Health Accounts 2023 (NHA 2023 Web 2026.10.16), sheet "HC-HCR xFA 2023": Total expenditure on health including health-related functions (2023), row "Total recurent expenditure on health", cells O17 (Household) and R17 (Total). ihppthaigov.net
Bureau of Basic Education Policy and Plan, Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC), Ministry of Education. แนวทางการดำเนินงานตามโครงการสนับสนุนค่าใช้จ่ายในการจัดการศึกษาตั้งแต่ระดับอนุบาลจนจบการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2570. storage.bopp.go.th
Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research (PIER), Bank of Thailand. Beyond Mincer: Revisiting the Returns to Education in Thailand (PIER Discussion Paper No. 266, revised 7 Oct 2026), Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat & Lusi Liao; ข้อมูล LFS ไตรมาส 3 ปี 2001–2024. pier.or.th
Equitable Education Fund (EEF). The State of Equity in Thai Human Development: 5 ข้อค้นพบ ปลดล็อกวิกฤตทุนมนุษย์ สู่อนาคตที่เสมอภาค (ข้อค้นพบที่ 5 การศึกษาไทยที่ "ฟรี" ไม่จริง). eef.or.th
Wage Committee, Ministry of Labour (Ministry of Labour unofficial translation). Notification of the Wage Committee on Minimum Wage Rate (No.14) (Unofficial Translation). mol.go.th
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). รายงานการวิเคราะห์สถานการณ์ความยากจนและความเหลื่อมล้ำในประเทศไทย ปี 2567. nesdc.go.th
Social Security Office (Workmen's Compensation Fund Office), Ministry of Labour. สถานการณ์การประสบอันตรายหรือเจ็บป่วยเนื่องจากการทำงาน ปี 2564-2568. sso.go.th
Office of Industrial Economics (OIE), Ministry of Industry. รายงานผลิตภาพและผลประกอบการอุตสาหกรรม ปี 2567 (Productivity and Performance of Thai Industry Report 2024). oie.go.th
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU ICT Price Baskets 2025: Basket prices and additional information (ITU_ICTPriceBaskets_Allowance_2025.xlsx, November 2025 release), sheets FixedBB and GNI. itu.int
Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research (PIER), Bank of Thailand. The Journey to Less-Cash Society: Thailand's Payment System at a Crossroads (PIER Discussion Paper No. 101), Lamsam, Pinthong, Rittinon, Shimnoi & Trakiatikul, 2018. pier.or.th
Development Economic Review, Graduate School of Development Economics, NIDA (peer-reviewed journal). Digital Adoption and Labor Productivity in Thai Enterprises: A Quantile Regression Analysis from the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2025 (Wittawat Kadthan), Development Economic Review Vol. 20 No. 2, July–December 2026. so06.tci-thaijo.org
Office of Agricultural Economics and its regional offices. การศึกษาต้นทุนส่วนเพิ่มการลดก๊าซเรือนกระจกสินค้าพืชเศรษฐกิจ (ข้าวนาปี) (เมษายน 2569). oae.go.th
Public Relations Department (Region 4), reporting the cabinet resolution of 10 Feb 2026. ครม.เห็นชอบราคาอ้อยขั้นต้นฤดูผลิตปี 2568/2569 ราคาเดียวทั่วประเทศ 890 บาท/ตัน (11 ก.พ. 2569). region4.prd.go.th
Office of Agricultural Economics (data from the Fish Marketing Organization). สถิติการเกษตรของประเทศไทย ปี 2568 (Agricultural Statistics of Thailand 2025). oae.go.th
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates Incorporating Recent Scientific Advances (November 2023). epa.gov
World Bank. Thai Flood 2011: Rapid Assessment for Resilient Recovery and Reconstruction Planning, Vol. 2: Final Report (World Bank, 2012). documents1.worldbank.org
Center for Applied Economics Research (Asian Journal of Applied Economics). The Cost of Traffic Congestion and Marginal Cost of Delay in Bangkok Metropolis (Asian Journal of Applied Economics Vol. 31 No. 2, 2024). so01.tci-thaijo.org
Internal Audit Group, Department of Older Persons (summarising the Ministry of Finance rate). คู่มือการตรวจสอบการเบิกค่าใช้จ่ายในการเดินทางไปราชการในราชอาณาจักร. dop.go.th
Community Organizations Development Institute (CODI). “บ้านพอเพียง สู่ การพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตอย่างยั่งยืน” เนื่องในโอกาสมหามงคลเฉลิมพระชนมพรรษาพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว ทรงเจริญพระชนม 72 พรรษา. web.codi.or.th
TCIJ, citing the Department of Corrections. ราชทัณฑ์ใช้งบ 'ควบคุมผู้ต้องขัง' 37,463 บ./คน (อ้างรายงานการคำนวณต้นทุนต่อหน่วยผลผลิต ปีงบ 2561 กรมราชทัณฑ์). tcijthai.com
Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการการสนับสนุนการจัดการศพผู้สูงอายุตามประเพณี พ.ศ.2569. dop.go.th
Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการให้บริการสงเคราะห์ผู้สูงอายุในภาวะยากลำบาก ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2569. dop.go.th
Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการสนับสนุนครอบครัวอุปถัมภ์ผู้สูงอายุ ประจำปีงบประมาณ 2569. dop.go.th
Department of Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. คู่มือการดำเนินโครงการปรับสภาพแวดล้อมและสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกของผู้สูงอายุให้เหมาะสมและปลอดภัย ประจำปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2569. dop.go.th
Frontiers in Public Health (authors from HITAP, Ministry of Public Health, and the National University of Singapore). The association between health costs and physical inactivity; analysis from the Physical Activity at Work study in Thailand. frontiersin.org
Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research (36th National Graduate Conference; authors from the Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University). Willingness to Pay an Entrance Fee for Chao Sam Phraya National Museum (ความเต็มใจที่จะจ่ายเพื่อเข้าชมพิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ เจ้าสามพระยา). so09.tci-thaijo.org
Thai PBS, citing the Office of the Civil Service Commission. ข่าว: 1 พ.ค.นี้ ขึ้นเงินเดือนสู้ค่าครองชีพ! ขรก.ทุกวุฒิ ป.ตรี ขั้นต่ำ 18,000. thaipbs.or.th
World Bank, World Development Indicators (ICP). World Bank API: PA.NUS.PRVT.PP PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $), 2024. api.worldbank.org
Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), endorsed by the National List of Essential Medicines and UC benefit package subcommittees. คู่มือการประเมินเทคโนโลยีด้านสุขภาพสำหรับประเทศไทย ฉบับปรับปรุง พ.ศ. 2564 หัวข้อ 6.5 ข้อเสนอแนะสำหรับกรอบเวลาและการใช้อัตราลด. hitap.net
Department of Older Persons, summarising the Ministry of Finance overtime rules of 2007. คู่มือการตรวจสอบการเบิกจ่ายเงินตอบแทนการปฏิบัติงานนอกเวลาราชการ (กลุ่มตรวจสอบภายใน กรมกิจการผู้สูงอายุ, พ.ค. 2565). dop.go.th
NXT Consulting Group. (2026). Thai financial proxy bank for SROI (Edition of 1 November 2026) [Data set]. https://www.nxtconsultinggroup.com/en/sroi/financial-proxies
When you use a single value in a report, cite its original source as well, with the value's year, its grade and how you rebased it.
Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) You may use, adapt and share it, including commercially, with credit to NXT Consulting Group. The licence covers the bank's compilation, grades, notes and translations; each figure remains its original source's.
Edition history
1 Nov 2026
Edition 2: 278 values in 11 categories
31 Oct 2026
First edition: 86 values in 7 categories
Using the bank in SROI
Taking a value into an SROI analysis
01
Match it to the outcome
Pick a proxy that matches what changed for the stakeholder, and always read the note first.
02
Bring it to one year
Value in target year = value in source year × CPI target ÷ CPI source. Use one index series throughout (WF-13 and WF-15). For rates set in law, use the rate in force in the project year.
03
Cite it so others can check
State the source, year, link, grade and any adjustment in the report, then enter the value in the calculator to account for deadweight, displacement, attribution and drop-off.